Cancer is considered an outcome of decades-long clonal evolution fueled by acquisition of somatic genomic abnormalities (SGAs). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to reduce cancer risk, including risk of progression from Barrett's esophagus (BE) to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). However, the cancer chemopreventive mechanisms of NSAIDs are not fully understood. We hy...

The effects of oral natural prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on symptoms, disease activity, and gastrointestinal functions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied in an open pilot trial. Twelve patients, six taking and six not taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), received 1 mg natural PGE2 three times a day for six weeks. The treatment was tolerated well and the only side effect note...

BACKGROUND Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to be effective in inhibiting colorectal cancer. Cyclooxygenase activity is thought to mediate, in part, this cancer preventive effect. From observations made when cells that express cyclooxygenase activity were treated with NSAIDs and known cancer preventive agents, I have postulated that arachidonic acid (AA) release is ...

Migraine is a common disabling neurological disorder with a serious socio-economical burden. By blocking cyclooxygenase nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) decrease the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are involved in the pathophysiology of migraine headaches. Despite the introduction more than a decade ago of a new class of migraine-specific drugs with superior efficacy, the tripta...

Inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) causes various electrolyte and acid-base disturbances including sodium retention (edema, hypertension), hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and decreased renal function. Decreased sodium excretion can result in weight gain, peripheral edema, attenuation of the effects of antihypertensive agents, and rarely agg...

According to the International Association for the Study of Pain, pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. Language is used to describe sensations and emotions, but it is not a prerequisite for feeling these; i.e. lack of ability to verbally communicate in no alters the perception of pain in h...

Anaesthetists have changed their drug regimens several times in the last few decades. Today, anaesthesia is most frequently carried out with a "balanced" combination of agents to achieve optimal surgical anaesthesia and enhance recovery. Similarly, analgesia, one of the comerstones of anaesthesia, is increasingly considered with a combination of pharmacological agents and the term "balanced ana...

Evidence • Meta-analysis of 754 RCTs (about 350 000 patients)1: -Mixed population, primarily patients with arthritis at low to moderate CV risk (ie, CV event rate about 1% per year). -Use of COX-2 inhibitors compared with placebo increased —all-cause mortality, rate ratio (RR) = 1.22 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.44); and —serious CV events, RR = 1.37 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.66). -Diclofenac (150 mg daily): simi...

Oral surgery, such as tooth extractions and dental implantations, can cause inflammation in the surrounding tissue, especially bones. Anti-inflammatory drugs are crucial for pain relief wound healing. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) light-emitting diode irradiation (LEDI) at 625 nm have been used therapies to reduce inflammation, which ultimately promotes The mechanism of these two meth...