background: to identify the fasciolid species by morphometric and molecular methods in zanjan, north­west of iran. methods : adult fasciola worms (n=584) were obtained from cattle and sheep in zanjan slaughterhouse in 2007. living flukes were washed, then worms' images were taken by 3ccd camera and finally apical zone of each worm was obtained. morphometric values such as body length, body widt...

objective: survey of molecular characterization of nucleoprotein gene of h9n2 avian influenza viruses and determination of the genetic relationship of iranian h9n2 viruses and other asian viruses. materials and methods: the nucleoprotein (np) genes from 4 isolates of h9n2 viruses isolated from commercial chickens in iran during 2008-2009 were amplified by rt-pcr method and sequenced. nucleotid...

stem cell factor (scf) is a critical protein with key roles in the cell such as hematopoiesis, gametogenesis and melanogenesis. in the present study a comparative analysis on nucleotide sequences of scf was performed in humanoids using bioinformatics tools including ncbi-blast, mega6, and jbrowse. our analysis of nucleotide sequences to find closely evolved organisms with high similarity by ncb...

bivalves are the second largest class of moluscs that have been abundantly successful in different habitats of marine and fresh water, from the cold circumpolar seas to tropical waters and from shallow shores to abyssal depths. molecular phylogenetic comparative studies can help in tracing the historical evolution of the gene alive and evaluate them. in this research species of pearl wing oyste...

SUMMARY The complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of the potyvirus potato virus Y strain N (PVYn) was obtained from cloned cDNAs. This sequence is 9704 nucleotides long and can encode a polyprotein of 3063 amino acids. The positions of the cleavage sites at the N terminus of the capsid and cytoplasmic inclusion proteins have been determined. Other putative protein cleavage sites have ...