In order to obtain a solution to an optimal control problem‎, ‎a numerical technique based on state-control parameterization method is presented‎. ‎This method can be facilitated by the computation of performance index and state equation via approximating the control and state variable as a function of time‎. ‎Several numerical examples are presented to confirm the analytical findings and illus...

In this paper, an effective numerical method is introduced for the treatment of nonlinear two-dimensional Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential equations. Here, we use the so-called two-dimensional block-pulse functions.First, the two-dimensional block-pulse operational matrix of integration and differentiation has been presented. Then, by using this matrices, the nonlinear two-dimensional Vol...

The hybrid fuzzy differential equations have a wide range of applications in science and engineering. We consider the problem of nding their numerical solutions by using a novel hybrid method based on fuzzy neural network. Here neural network is considered as a part of large eld called neural computing or soft computing. The proposed algorithm is illustrated by numerical examples and the result...

‎This paper presents the numerical solution for a class of fractional differential equations. The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo cite{1} sense. We developed a reproducing kernel method (RKM) to solve fractional differential equations in reproducing kernel Hilbert space. This method cannot be used directly to solve these equations, so an equivalent transformation is made by u...

The purpose of this study is to present an approximate numerical method for solving high order linear Fredholm-Volterra integro-differential equations in terms of rational Chebyshev functions under the mixed conditions. The method is based on the approximation by the truncated rational Chebyshev series. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is illustrated in several numerical examples. The p...

The element-free Galerkin method is employed for two-dimensional analysis of steady-state heat transfer. The unknown response of the system, i.e. temperature is approximated using the moving least squares technique. Numerical integration of governing simultaneous system of equations is performed by Gauss quadrature and new modified nodal integration techniques. Numerical examples and tests have...

In this paper, a numerical solution for a system of linear Fredholm integro-differential equations by means of the sinc method is considered. This approximation reduces the system of integro-differential equations to an explicit system of algebraic equations. The exponential convergence rate $O(e^{-k sqrt{N}})$ of the method is proved. The analytical results are illustrated with numerical examp...

The kinematic wave model under the assumption of balanced gravity and friction forces has been applied in open channel hydraulics surface hydrology. There persists a severe misunderstanding that discontinuity occurs due to input then dissipates. This study clarifies can develop without dissipation smoothness all input. theory first-order quasilinear partial differential equations shows Cauchy p...

Many biological characteristics of evolutionary interest are not scalar variables but continuous functions. Here we use phylogenetic Gaussian process regression to model the evolution of simulated functionvalued traits. Given function-valued data only from the tips of an evolutionary tree and utilising independent principal component analysis (IPCA) as a method for dimension reduction, we const...