Governments have paid great attention to the results of happiness research. In many countries, the object of government policy is no longer taken to be development in terms of raising GNP. Their focus has shifted to a National Index of Happiness. This paper analyses whether such an aggregate Happiness Index is a better guide to development than GNP or other indices of development. We argue that...

In its Human Development R~7~ort IqgO, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) proposes yet another composite indicator of development levels: the "'human development index'* (HDI). The HDI assesses intcrcountry development levels on the basis of three so-called deprivation indicators: life expectancy, adult literacy and the logarithm of purchasing power adjusted per capita GDP. Using sim...

We decompose the behavior of GNP and unemployment into the dynamic effects of two types of shocks: shocks that have a permanent effect on output and shocks that do not. We interpret the £rst as supply shocks, the second as demand shocks. We £nd that demand disturbances have a bump shaped effect on both output and unemployment; the effect peaks after a year and vanishes after two to three years....

BACKGROUND Rapid demographic ageing will soon lead to large increases in the numbers of persons with dementia in developing countries. This study is the first comprehensive assessment of care arrangements for people with dementia in those regions. METHODS A descriptive and comparative study of dementia care; caregiver characteristics, the nature of care provided, and the practical, psychologi...

We propose multivariate classiication as a statistical tool to describe business cycles. These cycles are often analyzed as a univariate phenomenon in terms of GNP or industrial net production ignoring additional information in other economic variables. Multivariate classiication overcomes these limitations by reducing dimension in a way suitable for human perception. Based on a four phase sche...

According to preliminary estimates of the Nation's health spending in fiscal year 1975, health expenditures reached $118.5 billion, or $547 per person. Total health spending showed a 14-percent rise, significantly higher than the increase in 1974 when price controls in the health industry were in effect for most of the year. The acceleration of health spending during 1975 was accompanied by a s...

CONTEXT Nurse practitioners increasingly provide primary care in a variety of settings. Little is known about how resource utilization for patients assigned to nurse practitioners compares with that for patients assigned to physicians. OBJECTIVE To compare health care resource utilization for adult patients assigned to a nurse practitioner with that for patients assigned to a resident or atte...

OBJECTIVE To compare the cost effectiveness of general practitioners and nurse practitioners as first point of contact in primary care. DESIGN Multicentre randomised controlled trial of patients requesting an appointment the same day. SETTING 20 general practices in England and Wales. PARTICIPANTS 1716 patients were eligible for randomisation, of whom 1316 agreed to randomisation and 1303...

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the concept of leadership as it applies to nurse practitioners (NPs) and examine the issues around assessing NP candidates in Australia for leadership qualities. Setting Currently in Australia, registration as a nurse, midwife, enrolled nurse or nurse practitioner is conducted at the Assessing leadership in nurse practitioner candidates state or te...