Using two RCTs in middle schools Pakistan, we show that brief, expert-led, curriculum-based videos integrated into the classroom experience improved teaching effectiveness: student test scores math and science increased by 0.3 standard deviations, 60 percent more than control group, after 4 months of exposure. Students teachers their attendance, students were likely to pass high-stakes governme...

To investigate barriers to universal health insurance in developing countries, we designed a randomized experiment involving about 6,000 households Indonesia who are subject government program with weakly enforced mandate. Time-limited subsidies increased enrollment and attracted lower-cost enrollees, part by reducing the strategic timing of correspond needs. Registration assistance also enroll...

Using detailed household-level data from Malawi on physical quantities of agricultural outputs and inputs, we measure farm total factor productivity (TFP), controlling for land quality, rain, transitory shocks. We find that operated size capital are essentially unrelated to TFP, implying substantial misallocation. The output gain a reallocation factors their efficient use among existing farmers...

Abstract Introduction A number of factors have reportedly been associated with venous leg ulceration (VLU) however many these remain disputed. UK Biobank (UKB) is an electronic dataset that provides in-depth detail on the lives its participants. The aim this research to utilise UKB understand VLU. Methods Participants in historical or active were identified and age, sex comorbidity matched cont...

We study whether and how peer referrals increase screening, testing, identification of patients with tuberculosis, an infectious disease responsible for over one million deaths annually. In experiment 3,176 at 122 tuberculosis treatment centers in India, we find that small financial incentives raise the probability existing refer prospective screening resulting cost-effective new cases. Incenti...

This paper proposes that Colonialism is a major explanation behind today’s differences in Income Inequality among countries. We argue that colonies that received an important number of European settlers were characterized by a concentration of economic and political power in the hands of these last ones. Moreover, European settlers later achieved independence from the metropolis and were able t...

This paper argues that new immigrants cluster in culturally homogenous groups in the host country because of imperfect information. However, the pulling-effect exists provided that the cultural communities are not too large. With a panel of migration flows to the major OECD countries from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, it is shown that the existence of similar cultural communities does attract...

Factors shaping international migration, over the last half century, from and into the countries and territories of Sub-Saharan and North Africa, as well as the economic and some social implications of those movements, are examined. Existing analyses of these issues are critically reviewed, including topics particularly pertinent to the African context and evidence on crosscutting themes studie...