Pre-obligations denote actions that may be required before access is granted. The successful fulfillment of pre-obligations leads to the authorization of the requested access. Pre-obligations enable a more flexible enforcement of authorization policies. This paper formalizes interactions between the obligation and authorization policy states when pre-obligations are supported and investigates t...

A core business enterprise function is trading with other business organizations. Such trade relationships are governed by legal contracts. The obligations and fulfillment conditions as stipulated in a business contract demand performance of business activities in the pre-defined choreography. Non-performance could lead to serious legal and/or financial implications. Therefore, it is essential ...

The chairman of the Patients Association, a British advocacy group, responds to Roger C. Sider and Colleen D. Clements' essay in this issue of the Journal of Medical Ethics on a patient's moral obligation to preserve his or her health. She rejects their implication that, because of this obligation to oneself, there also is an obligation to follow the advice of one's doctor. Agreeing that soci...

There is a fundamental difference between a conditional obligation being violated by a fact, and a conditional obligation being overridden by another conditional obligation. In this paper we analyze this difference in the multi preference semantics of our defeasible deontic logic DEFDIODE. The semantics contains one preference relation for ideality, which can be used to formalize deontic parado...