The gathering of rural type in Guilan plains is a kind of planning for physical development of rural settlements that aims at changing dwellers' lifestyle from a dispersed to a semi-dispersed state. This change will reduce the problems and difficulties of villages. In addition, it is an optimal way to exploit the resources and facilities for making a desirable spatial organization for villagers...

Optimal control of variational inequalities with the controls given by the obstacles is considered. Existence optimal solutions is proved for obstacles with H regularity and first order optimality conditions are derived which, under additional assumptions are also sufficient. A numerical algorithm is proposed and its practical feasibility is investigated.

Assume a time-harmonic electromagnetic wave is scattered by an infinitely long cylindrical conductor surrounded by an unknown piecewise homogeneous medium remaining invariant along the cylinder axis. We prove that, in TM mode, the far field patterns for all incident and observation directions at a fixed frequency uniquely determine the unknown surrounding medium as well as the shape of the cyli...

We present fundamental progress on the computational universality of swarms of microor nanoscale robots in complex environments, controlled not by individual navigation, but by a uniform global, external force. More specifically, we consider a 2D grid world, in which all obstacles and robots are unit squares, and for each actuation, robots move maximally until they collide with an obstacle or a...

An approach for solving inverse problems involving obstacles is proposed. The approach uses a level-set method which has been shown to be eeective in treating problems of moving boundaries, particularly those that involve topological changes in the geometry. We develop two computational methods based on this idea. One method results in a nonlinear time-dependent partial diierential equation for...

In this paper we introduce a new class of geometric robot motion planning problems that we call incremental problems. W e also introduce the concept of incremental algorithms to solve this class of problems. As a n example, we describe an incremental critical curve based exact cell decomposition algorithm for a line segment robot moving freely amidst polpgonal obstacles. In the example, after c...

the attribute of divine wisdom is applied in shi‘ite theology to prove some religious beliefs. shi‘ite theologians believe that providing the tools needed to achieve the divine purpose of the human beings’ creation and removing the obstacles to it is necessary to god. using logical analyses, this research investigates the sufficiency of the arguments based on divine wisdom in relation to the pr...

background: participation of nurses in research studies is a requirement of achieving evidence-based nursing, but studies in this regard are limited. this study aimed to determine the viewpoints of nurses regarding the facilitating factors and obstacles of participating in research and utilization of its results in clinical practice. methods: this descriptive study was done in 2013 at teaching ...

We determine the asymptotic behaviour of (bilateral) obstacle problems for fractional energies in rather general aperiodic settings via Γ-convergence arguments. As further developments we consider obstacles with random sizes and shapes located on points of standard lattices, and the case of random homothetics obstacles centered on random Delone sets of points. Obstacle problems for non-local en...