The use of chemical agents as clarification and decolorising aids i~ order to obtain ~lower coloured A-sugar have been Investigated. The chemicals tested include bentonite sulphur dioxide and some sulphurous acid salts. Colour lev~ el~ i~ variou~ factory products have been surveyed. From this information, together with that obtained in specific decolorising tests, an attempt has been made at an...

An efficient three-step synthesis of d-mannoheptulose was successfully accomplished from 2,3,4,5,6-penta-O-benzyl-d-mannose. First, an olefinated sugar was prepared from 2,3,4,5,6-penta-O-benzyl-d-mannose via a Wittig reaction. Second, the key step, a 2-hydroxyoxirane product was unexpectedly obtained by oxidation of the olefinated sugar with potassium permanganate in aqueous acetone. Finally d...

Sorption isotherms were obtained for a range of lipid/sugar/water mixtures. These were analysed using a simple hydration forces formalism. The results demonstrate that this simple analysis can be used to estimate dehydration parameters for these relatively complex systems. This in turn provides some insight into the location and role of sugars in the hydration behaviour of lipid systems. The re...

The effect of inulin sugars concentration on the growth and ethanol production by Kluyveromyces marxianus UCD (FST) 55-82 was studied. A maximum ethanol concentration of 102 g/liter was obtained from 250 g of sugars per liter initial concentration. The maximum specific growth rate varied from 0.44 h at 50 g of sugar per liter to 0.13 h at 300 g of sugar per liter, whereas the ethanol yield rema...

Volatile components of coconut fresh sap, sap syrup and coconut sugar were analyzed using GC-MS and identified by matching the mass spectra obtained with those present in the “NIST62 LIB” Library. The most abundant volatile components in the fresh sap, sap syrup and coconut sugar were 2-butanol and acetic acid. Twelve volatile components were identified and there were different amounts of volat...

The effects of sodium carbonate (Na(2)CO(3)) pretreatment on the chemical compositions and enzymatic saccharification of rice straw were investigated. The enzymatic digestibility of rice straw is enhanced after pretreatment since pretreated solids show significant delignification with high sugar availability. During pretreatment, an increasing temperature and Na(2)CO(3) charge leads to enhanced...

Cotton hanks were dyed with three different sulphur dyes using non-sulphide reducing agents such as glucose, fructose, invert sugar and molasses. The alkalies employed for reduction were sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide. Invert sugar as a reducing agent and sodium carbonate as alkali proved to be better as this combination gave results comparable to those obtained with the conventional sod...

An approach to the synthesis of pseudo-oligosaccharides based on the cross-metathesis reaction between distinct sugar-olefins, followed by intramolecular cyclization of the obtained heterodimer, is presented. In particular, the relative efficiency of two alternative approaches, the straightforward cross-metathesis reaction and the two-step procedure (self-metathesis followed by cross-metathesis...

The lactose permease of Escherichia coli (LacY) is a highly dynamic membrane transport protein, while the Cys154-->Gly mutant is crippled conformationally. The mutant binds sugar with high affinity, but catalyzes very little translocation across the membrane. In order to further investigate the defect in the mutant, fluorescent maleimides were used to examine the accessibility/reactivity of sin...

The present study was conducted on removal of zinc in a continuous flow system by Aspergillus sp. during its growth. The fungal strain was isolated from industrial wastewater. The experiments under continuous culture conditions were performed in two reactors of working volume 650ml and 3 litres respectively. The experiments were conducted using sugar concentrations of 10, 15 and 20g/l and at di...