Parathyroid hormone (PTH), an 84-amino acid peptide, is an endocrine hormone that is secreted by parathyroid glands. PTH performs important functions in calcium regulation and bone remodeling. The PTH (1-34) named teriparatide, a 34-amino acid peptide derived from the N-terminus of PTH, conserves most of the functions of PTH, specifically the osteogenic capability. However, teriparatide is only...

Objective Biocompatible materials such as interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramics (IP-CHA) loaded with osteogenic cells and bioactive agents are part of an evolving concept for overcoming craniofacial defects by use of artificial bone tissue regeneration. Amongst the bioactive agents, melatonin (MEL) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) have been independently reported to induce ost...

p300 is a well-known histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and coactivator that plays vital roles in many physiological processes. Despite extensive research on the involvement of p300 in the regulation of transcription in numerous cell lines, the roles of this protein in regulating pluripotency genes and odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) are poorly understood. To address...

The present study aimed to investigate the expression and regulation of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in periodontal tissue remodeling of orthodontic tooth movement. Sprague Dawley rats with orthodontic tooth movement were generated. After tension stress for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days, the protein and mRNA expressio...

Bone has been considered a structure essential for mobility, calcium homeostasis, and hematopoietic function. Recent advances in bone biology have highlighted the importance of skeleton as an endocrine organ which regulates some metabolic pathways, in particular, insulin signaling and glucose tolerance. This review will point out the role of bone as an endocrine "gland" and, specifically, of bo...

Clinical Challenges provides readers with a forum to discuss creative clinical solutions to challenging patient care problems. Case studies or problem descriptions may be submitted with or without discussion or solutions. References, tables, figures, and illustrations can be included. Materials or inquiries should be directed to Oncology Nursing Forum Associate Editor Susan Moore, RN, MSN, ANP,...

We study the Lp-distortion of finite quotients of amenable groups. In particular, for every 2 ≤ p < ∞, we prove that the `p-distortions of the groups C2 oCn and Cpn nCn are in Θ((log n)1/p), and that the `p-distortion of C2 n nA Z, where A is the matrix ( 2 1 1 1 ) is in Θ((log log n)1/p).