The development of the energy industry in a developing country Asia is undergoing transition process from oil and gas to electrical renewable energy. Based on Government data, share will decrease current 32% 20% 2050, this line with increase penetration electrification other diversification. However, demand for continue significantly due population. PTM, an company country, one its refineries s...

1 Acknowledgements I wanted to thank my reader Professor Lisa Meulbroek for all that she has taught me about financial economics as well as her help on this paper. I would like to thank my mom and dad for the guidance and support they have shown me over my years. And lastly but certainly not least I want to thank my two little sisters, Amelia and Colleen, for being the best sisters I could ever...

Sixty 2nd, 5th, and 8th graders were interviewed on their moral and ecological reasoning about the 1990 Exxon Valdez oil spill that occurred in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Results showed that children understood that the oil spill negatively affected the local Alaskan shoreline, marine life, fishermen, recreationists, and the oil company. Children cared that harm occurred to the shoreline and...

We consider a fuel oil distribution problem where an oil company is responsible for the routing and scheduling of ships between ports such that the demand for various fuel oil products is satisfied during the planning horizon. The production/consumption rates are given and assumed to be constant. We provide two alternative mixed integer formulations: a discrete time model adapted from the case ...

We develop a model for pricing expropriation risk in natural resource projects, in particular an oil field. The government is viewed as holding an American-style option to expropriate the oil field, but facing the following three possible expropriation costs: A state-run company may produce oil less cost-efficiently than a private firm, the government may have to pay a compensation to the firm,...

The purpose of this paper is to solve the stochastic demand for unbalanced transport problem using heuristic algorithms obtain optimum solution, by minimizing costs transporting gasoline product Oil Products Distribution Company Iraqi Ministry Oil. most important conclusions that were reached are results prove possibility solving random transportation when uncertain programming model. obvious f...

ONCE AGAIN THE debate has intensified over whether energy as a commodity is running out. Just six or seven years ago the world seemed awash in oil, yet today many pundits predict the end of oil and indeed the end of the fossil-fuel era. With its recent merger with the California-based oil company Unocal, Chevron has placed a bet on ever-increasing oil prices. Two other oil giants, BP and ExxonM...

Strain improvement and medium optimization to increase the productivity of spiramycin were carried out. Of oil tolerant mutant strains screened, one mutant, Streptomyces ambofaciens XC 2-37, produced 9% more spiramycin than the parent strain S. ambofaciens XC 1-29. The effects of soybean oil and propyl alcohol on spiramycin production with S. ambofaciens XC 2-37 were studied. The potency of S. ...