Structured lipids (SLs) for formulating trans-free margarines were synthesized by lipase-catalyzed interesterification of the blends of canola oil (CO), palm stearin (PS), and palm kernel oil (PKO) in weight ratios (CO/PS/PKO) of 40:60:0, 40:50:10, 40:40:20, 40:30:30, 50:30:20, and 60:25:15. The atherogenicity was determined using fatty acid profiles. We also determined the physical properties ...

Intelligent systems based on machine learning techniques, such as classification, clustering, are gaining wide spread popularity in real world applications. This paper presents work on developing a software system for predicting crop yield, for example oil-palm yield, from climate and plantation data. At the core of our system is a method for unsupervised partitioning of data for finding spatio...

Syngas from biomass gasification is being developed for alternative feedstock in the chemical industry. Palm kernel shell which generated palm oil industry can be potentially used as raw material process. The purpose of this study was to investigate use modified natural zeolite catalysts steam shells. Mordenite type by acid leaching a tar cracking catalyst. Steam conducted at temperature range ...

The waste shell was utilized as a bioresource of calcium oxide (CaO) in catalyzing a transesterification to produce biodiesel (methyl ester). The economic and environmen-friendly catalysts were prepared by a calcination method at 700-1,000°C for 4 h. The heterogeneous catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the B...

This paper presents an experimental study to investigate sustainable alternative ceiling boards using PKS and BS. The were prepared by mixing BS/binder, PKS/binder, PKS/BS/binder at different ratios of 20/80, 40/60, 60/40, 80/20 represented as samples (A1, A2, A3 A4), (B1, B2, B3 B4), (C1, C2, C3 C4) respectively. cast flat press process in rectangular sheet shape mould 187 mm × 125 3 mm, cut i...

Coconut, Cocos nucifera L., is a tree that is cultivated for its multiple utilities, mainly for its nutritional and medicinal values. The various products of coconut include tender coconut water, copra, coconut oil, raw kernel, coconut cake, coconut toddy, coconut shell and wood based products, coconut leaves, coir pith etc. Its all parts are used in someway or another in the daily life of the ...

Oil-Palm industry produces some side products as solid waste which consist of 23% empty oil palm bunches, 6.5% shell, and 13% fiber from the main products. Reusing is very important to increase economic value reduce potential pollution. One ways exploit Oil Palm Shell (OPS) byproduct substitute uses natural coarse aggregate in concrete structure building material. Study on use fly ash one admix...