Results of radar monitoring of the sea surface in the Russian sector of the Black Sea coastal zone are presented. The attention was focused on the detection of oil pollution as well as biogenic and anthropogenic surfactant films. The basic data were high resolution radar images obtained by synthetic aperture radars (SAR) on board Envisat and ERS-2 satellites of the European Space Agency. Spatia...

the real business cycle theory was applied to investigate the hypothesis of cyclical agreeable treatment of real wages, for men and women work force, in the iranian agricultural sector for the period of 1971-2006. on the basis of this theory, the impacts of supply side shocks (productivity and oil income shocks), are anticipated on the fluctuations of the real wages. the dominant effect of supp...

The past oil crises have caused dramatic improvements in fuel efficiency in all industrial sectors. The aviation sector-aircraft manufacturers and airlines-has also made significant efforts to improve the fuel efficiency through more advanced jet engines, high-lift wing designs, and lighter airframe materials. However, the innovations in energy-saving aircraft technologies do not coincide with ...

To identify and develop alternative and renewable sources of fuel for the transport sector is a present challenge for engineers and researchers. This work was carried out to assess yield of marula (Sclero carrya/birrea) nut and chemical properties of crude marula nut oil for biodiesel production in Botswana. Chemical extraction of marula oil was done to establish actual oil content by use of he...

This paper presents an analysis of the legal framework and regulatory approach of the United States (US) for preventing accidents in the development of the oil and gas resources of its outer continental shelf (OCS). Discussion is focused on prevention of major accidents which harm workers and the offshore and coastal environments, but also deals with some aspects of emergency response. Referenc...

The twenty-five fold expansion of oil palm cultivation in Sarawak over the past two and a half decades constitutes the most rapid and radical transformation of the agrarian landscape ever seen in that state. From 23,000 ha in 1980, mostly in government schemes, the area planted with oil palm has increased to over 580,000 ha in 2006, mostly in private estates, closing in on an official target of...