Human understanding in design evolves through a process of critiquing existing knowledge and consequently expanding the store of design knowledge. Critiquing is a dialogue in which the interjection of a reasoned opinion about a product or action triggers further reflection on or changes to the artifact being designed. Our work has focused on applying this successful human critiquing paradigm to...

Keynes' Law and Its Critics. Critics of Keynes' "fundamental psychological law" that the rate of current consumption declines with increases in current income claimed it was incomplete, produced incorrect predictions and emphasized the wrong spending behavior. These objections involve confusion over the effects of individual and average data on spending estimates. When data types are carefully ...

Hamilton’s theory of kin selection is the best-known framework for understanding the evolution of social behavior but has long been a source of controversy in evolutionary biology. A recent critique of the theory by Nowak, Tarnita, and Wilson sparked a new round of debate, which shows no signs of abating. In this overview, we highlight a number of conceptual issues that lie at the heart of the ...