Background and Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the possible etiologic factors  in development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study we aimed to study the  role of HPV in ESCC. Patients and Methods:In this study, 140 cases of ESCC were analyzed for the HPV DNA by  polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using GP5+/GP6+ primers for L1 open reading frame (ORF) to  am...

The sensitivity of real-time PCR for hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA quantification differs greatly among techniques. Standardized tools that measure the real quantity of virus are needed. We assessed the performance of a reverse transcription droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR) assay that gives absolute quantities of HEV RNA. Analytical and clinical validation was done on HEV genotypes 1, 3 and 4, and ...

Plant viruses that contain plus-sensed single-stranded RNA genomes are highly abundant in nature. As the equivalents of large mRNAs, these viral genomes utilize a wide variety of gene expression strategies for the production of their encoded proteins. The potyviruses, which are among the most agriculturally important members in this category, contain a single large open reading frame (ORF) codi...

In cap-dependent translation initiation, the open reading frame (ORF) of mRNA is established by the placement of the AUG start codon and initiator tRNA in the ribosomal peptidyl (P) site. Internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) promote translation of mRNAs in a cap-independent manner. We report two structures of the ribosome-bound Taura syndrome virus (TSV) IRES belonging to the family of Dicistr...

Human and simian immunodeficiency-associated retroviruses are extraordinarily complex, containing at least five genes, tat, art, sor, R, and 3' orf, in addition to the structural genes gag, pol, and env. Recently, nucleotide sequence analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and simian immunodeficiency virus SIVMAC revealed the existence of still another open reading frame, termed...

Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) is an important enzyme for lignin biosynthesis as it catalyzes the first specific committed step in monolignol biosynthesis. We have cloned a full length coding sequence of CCR from kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), which contains a 1,020-bp open reading frame (ORF), encoding 339 amino acids of 37.37 kDa, with an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.27 (JX524276, HcCCR2). BLA...

Background Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) are considered as one of the underlying causes of male infertility. Proper sperm chromatin packaging which involves replacement of histones with protamines has profound effect on male fertility. Over 20 SNPs have been reported for the protamine 1 and 2. MaterialsAndMethods The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of two previously repo...

Molecular Structure and Function, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, and 5 Department of Biochemistry & Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto 6 s 7 8 9 10 Correspondence Address: 11 12 Program in Molecular Structure & Function 13 Research Institute, 14 The Hospital for Sick Children, 15 Atrium 3653; 555 University Avenue, 16 Toronto, Ontario, 17 M5G 1X8 18 Phone: 416-813-8...

Abbreviations: GDNF, Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor; GDNFOS, GDNF opposite strand; BDNFOS, BDNF opposite strand; NAT, natural antisense transcripts; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; HD, Huntington’s disease; CON, control; MTG, middle temporal gyrus; EST, expressed sequence tags; UTR, un-translated region of mRNA; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription – quantitative polymerase chain reaction; MGB,...

beta2.7 is the major early transcript produced during human cytomegalovirus infection. This abundantly expressed RNA is polysome associated, but no protein product has ever been detected. In this study, a stable peptide of 24 kDa was produced in vitro from the major open reading frame (ORF), TRL4. Following transient transfection, the intracellular localization was nucleolar and the expression ...