In this study, we propose a new baseline and transect method, the open-source digital shoreline analysis system (ODSAS), which is specifically designed to deal with very irregular coastlines. We have compared ODSAS results those obtained using (DSAS). Like DSAS, our proposed method uses single parallel offers user different smoothing spacing options generate transects. Our differs from DSAS in ...

A bstract When a system emits gravitational radiation, the Bondi mass decreases. If energy is Hamiltonian, it can thus only be time-dependent Hamiltonian. In this paper, we show that understood as Hamiltonian on covariant phase space. Our derivation starts from formulation in domains with boundaries are null. We introduce most general boundary conditions generic such null boundary, and compute ...