Tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) is found to be a severe threat agriculture and natural vegetation. The present study was conducted investigate the structural functional changes in an intact seminatural grassland community when exposed elevated O (EO ; ambient + 20 parts per billion) compared (AO for years using open-top chambers. Parameters such as species richness (SR), evenness ( E ), Shannon index...

The effective Hamiltonian formalism is extended to vectorial electromagnetic waves in order to describe statistical properties of the field in reverberation chambers. The latter are commonly used in electromagnetic compatibility tests. As a first step, the distribution of wave intensities in chaotic systems with varying opening in the weak coupling limit for scalar quantum waves is derived by m...

Combustion characteristics (Introduction) .................................................................................................... 1 Combustion fundamentals (What it is) ..................................................................................................... 1 What it is not ...................................................................................................

Amplified neuronal signals can be recorded by microelectrode array (MEA) in microfluidic channels where neurons were cultured in 3D. MEA was located at the bottom of channels where only axons, isolated from somas by collagen blocks, were grown. The impedance of microchannels is higher than that of open chambers, creating enhanced signals at electrodes compared to simple chambers. The first sign...

In electroosmotic dehumidification, a membrane composed of a desiccant material removes moisture from air to be conditioned. Then, electroosmotic pumping driven by the application of voltage moves the moisture across the membrane and rejects it on the other side. A bench top experiment was developed to screen promising membrane materials. Two sealed humidity chambers were separated by a membran...

A new experimental laboratory design is introduced to analyze and quantify transport turnover processes in top- subsoils. The proposed technique allows the monitoring of transformation an undisturbed soil matrix while preserving entirely intact particle interfaces. setup with samples, which are embedded into two coupled gas sealed chambers, on-time measurement respiration under realistic moistu...

An open-top-chamber (OTC) CO2 enrichment (∼720μmol mol−1) study was conducted in the Colorado shortgrass steppe from April 1997 through October 2001. Aboveground plant biomass increased under elevated CO2 and soil moisture content was typically higher than under ambient CO2 conditions. Fluxes of CH4, CO2, NOx and N2O, measured weekly year round were not significantly altered by CO2 enrichment o...

background: different factors such as impression techniques and materials can affect the passive fi t between the superstructure and implant. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of different impression materials and techniques on the dimensional accuracy of implant defi nitive casts. materials and methods: four internal hex implants (biohorizons ø4 mm) were placed on a metal maxil...

Agriculture is the largest source of methane globally, and enteric accounts for 32% emissions globally. Dairy–beef an increasingly important contributor to beef industry. The objective this study was investigate if supplementation with a blend essential oils (Agolin Ruminant) reduced from dairy-bred steers. Methane measured thirty-six Holstein Friesian steers (18 control 18 treatment) in open-c...