operating parameters and membrane characteristics strongly affect the performance of electrodialysis reversal systems. the most impactful factors are applied voltage, flow rate, temperature, initial feed composition, and ion exchange membrane characteristics; the ph of the feed also has an effect, although to a lesser extent. to determine more precisely how all of these factors impact performan...

We had found functions can be used to fix bits [2] by given differences. We use these functions build a message expansion function. In the message expansion function, there are some bits include message bits and incremental bits produced from message bits, these bits will be used as parameter of date-depend function. This message expansion function will fixed at lease n × 5 . 5 bits with given ...

When reasoning on formulas involving large-size inductively defined relations, such as the semantics of a real programming language, many steps require the inversion of a hypothesis. The built-in “inversion” tactic of Coq can then be used, but it suffers from severe controllability, maintenance and efficiency issues, which makes it unusable in practice in large applications. To circumvent this ...

The melting layer (ML) is a significant phenomenon in weather radar observations. It consists of initially frozen hydrometeors falling into air below the 0C isotherm (freezing level) where they start melting. The radar echoes from melting hydrometeors differ from those from rain droplets as well as from frozen hydrometeors, and ML is observed as the radar bright band. The ML is a complex atmosp...

The application of Hilberman's theorem to construct a simple proof of a theorem on semi-indefinite networks is discussed.

We consider a variant of the game of Cops and Robbers, called Lazy Cops and Robbers, where at most one cop can move in any round. We investigate the analogue of the cop number for this game, which we call the lazy cop number. Lazy Cops and Robbers was recently introduced by Offner and Ojakian, who provided asymptotic upper and lower bounds on the lazy cop number of the hypercube. By coupling th...

Supervisory control is the main means to assure a high level performance and availability of large IT infrastructures. Applied control theory is used in physical and virtualization based clustering, autonomic-, self-healing and cloud computing, but similar problems arise in any distributed environment. The selection of a compact, but sufficiently characteristic set of control variables is one o...

In this paper, we focus on the optimal software testing/maintenance problem considered in Rinsaka and Dohi (2004), and develop a stochastic model in discrete operation circumstance, under the difference between the software testing environment and the operational environment can be characterized by an environment parameter. More precisely, the total expected software cost is formulated via the ...