People are living to older age. Demographic pressures are driving change. Opiate analgesics are the most powerful known pain relievers. Persistent pain, both cancer and non-cancer types is frequent in older adults. The use of opioid analgesics is appropriate in the treatment of moderate to severe persistent pain. The challenge of prescribing opioids in older adults is to understand the factors ...

Human opiorphin protects enkephalins from degradation by human neutral endopeptidase and aminopeptidase-N and inhibits pain perception in various behavioral rodent models of pain via endogenous enkephalin-related activation of opioidergic pathways. In addition to pain control, endogenous opioid pathways are also implicated in the modulation of emotion-related behaviors. Thus, we explored the do...

Problem alcohol use is associated with adverse health and economic outcomes, especially among people in opioid agonist treatment. Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) are effective in reducing alcohol use; however, issues involved in SBIRT implementation among opioid agonist patients are unknown. To assess identification and treatment of alcohol use disorders, we rev...

INTRODUCTION Radiopharmaceuticals that can bind selectively the kappa-opioid receptor may present opportunities for staging clinical brain disorders and evaluating the efficiency of new therapies related to stroke, neurodegenerative diseases or opiate addiction. The N-methylated derivative of JDTic (named MeJDTic), which has been recently described as a potent and selective antagonist of kappa-...

The endogenous opioid system plays a significant role in the modulation of distress in many psychiatric, neurologic, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Many clinical distress symptoms show similarities to the excitatory autonomic withdrawal effects in chronic opioid-dependent animals and humans, as well as to the “quasi-morphine withdrawal syndrome” evoked in naïve rodents shortly after acute sy...

AIM OF THE STUDY Ibogaine is a naturally occurring psychoactive indole alkaloid that is used to treat substance-related disorders in a global medical subculture, and is of interest as an ethnopharmacological prototype for experimental investigation and possible rational pharmaceutical development. The subculture is also significant for risks due to the lack of clinical and pharmaceutical standa...

doubtlessly one of the major problems in iran is drug abuse or substance abuse. the transmission of hiv/aids has made the problem so complicated that has created an urgent need for a campaign against this awful phenomenon. the objective of this study-that was carried out through the cross-sectional method- is considering the situation of the addict death and the related factors. the target popu...

background: in asia pacific (ap) region, the exact picture of the alcohol use problems has remained relatively obscure. in this study, the profile of alcohol consumption and alcohol related disorders in ap countries are presented.     methods: official statistics on average alcohol consumption (alcohol per capita consumption, apc), alcohol related health variables, income group and alcohol poli...

background tramadol is an opioid analgesic indicated for the treatment of moderate and severe pains. in the case of long administration, tramadol has a potential to cause dependency, tolerance and drug abuse. objectives this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with tramadol abuse among college students based on the theory of planned behavior (tpb) as a theoretical f...