To determine the effect of hyperpnea on the characteristics of periciliary liquid, we collected airway surface fluid (ASF) and measured its osmolarity in 11 normal people while they breathed dry, frigid air (-17 +/- 1.2 degrees C) at minute ventilations (VE) of 10, 40, and 80 l/min through a heat exchanger. The ASF was collected at the fifth tracheal ring by absorption onto filter paper pledget...

The title says it all-Bronchoscopy. This book is by far the most comprehensive work on the topic in the literature by one of the leaders in the field of bronchoscopy Dr. Udaya B. S. Prakash of the Mayo Clinic. The table ofcontents gives an idea ofthe encyclopedic scope ofthis volume, beginning with the History ofBronchoseopy, of Bronchoseopy and Atlas of Bronchoseopy. Thirty experts from throug...

BACKGROUND Sarcoidosis is rarely associated with a distinct disease. One disease infrequently associated with sarcoidosis is psoriasis. CASE PRESENTATION This case study describes a 38-year-old male, who presented with chest pain, high-grade fever, arthralgias and a skin rash accompanied by bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy on his chest radiograph. Extensive investigations including fiber-optic...

COND In order to construct a motion model for the endoscope camera that moves freely in the 3D tracheo-bronchial tree, a second order auto-regressive (AR) model is used. For a Kthorder auto-regressive model, the following equation applies: Flexible fiber-optic bronchoscopy is performed on patients who are fully awake or with light conscious sedation. The procedure can entail considerable discom...

Accepted 17 April 1996 A 23-year-old woman smoker complained of right-sided chest pain. The patient had no significant personal or family history. She was asymptomatic, and physical examination was unremarkable. Her chest X-ray and thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan are shown in figures 1 and 2. Blood biochemical and haematological examinations were normal, as was abdominal ultrasonography....

Double-lumen endotracheal tube (DLET) anaesthesia is the commonly used method in minimally invasive oesophagectomy (MIE). However, DLET intubation does have its disadvantages. Firstly, the placement of the DLET needs a skilled anaesthetist with familiarity of the technique and subsequent ability to perform a fibre-optic bronchoscopy for confirmation. Secondly, DLET intubation and one-lung venti...

The concentrations of rifampicin in epithelial lining fluid (ELF), human alveolar macrophages (AM), bronchial mucosal biopsies and serum were measured after a single oral dose of 600 mg rifampicin from 15 patients undergoing fibre-optic bronchoscopy. The samples of ELF, AM, the bronchial mucosal biopsies and serum were obtained approximately 2-5 h after dosing. The mean concentrations (mean +/-...

The concentrations of gatifloxacin achieved after a single 400 mg oral dose were measured in plasma, epithelial lining fluid (ELF), alveolar macrophages (AMs) and bronchial mucosa (BM) using a microbiological assay. Fourteen patients undergoing fibre-optic bronchoscopy were studied. Mean plasma, ELF, AMs and BM concentrations, respectively, at 2, 4 and 12 h were as follows: 2 h: 3.96 mg/L, 6.00...