An autoradiographic method (14C-iodoantipyrine autoradiography) was used to measure regional optic nerve blood flow (ONBF) under basal conditions in 11 adult female cats. Flow was measured in six regions of the optic nerve: (1) prelaminar, (2) laminar, (3) 1 mm post-laminar, (4) 4 mm post-laminar, (5) 6 mm post-laminar, and (6) intracranial optic nerve and chiasm. A gradient of flow rates was f...

The role of autophagy in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death is still controversial. Several studies focused on RGC body death, although the axonal degeneration pathway in the optic nerve has not been well documented in spite of evidence that the mechanisms of degeneration of neuronal cell bodies and their axons differ. Axonal degeneration of RGCs is a hallmark of glaucoma, and a pattern of local...

Optic neuritis an inflammatory disorder of the optic nerve inflammation is usually in young’s with symptoms of eye pain and vision loss that occurs is a common symptom of MS. Optic neuritis is one of the first symptoms of MS that observable into disorders in white matter of cerebral cortex. The risk of MS in patients with optic neuritis during 2 years 20% in 15 years, 45-80% is calculated...

Ophthalmic artery is the branch of internal carotid artery as it emerges from the cavernous sinus medial to anterior clinoid process. Thereafter it traverses in optic canal to enter in the orbit, lies inferolaterally to the optic nerve. It continues forward over the optic nerve (80%) and below the nerve (20%). Main trunk of the artery ends by dividing in to supratrochlear and dorsal nasal branc...

Twenty three patients with traumatic optic neuropathy were managed by medical and surgical treatment as follows. High dose intravenous steroids were initiated in all patients. If visions did not improve significantly after 24 to 48 hours decompression of an optic nerve sheath haematoma by medial orbitotomy and neurosurgical decompression of the optic canal were considered based on computed tomo...

To recognize and to assess glaucomatous changes at the optic nerve, it is important to know the characteristics of the normal optic disc. As in the other biological variables, the appearance of the optic disc varies widely among healthy individuals. This fact is complicate the recognition of the pathological changes. ‘Optic Disc’ is frequently used to describe the portion of the optic nerve cli...

BACKGROUND The optic nerve is frequently injured in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica, resulting in visual dysfunction, which may be reflected by measures distant from the site of injury. OBJECTIVE To determine how retinal nerve fiber layer as a measure of axonal health, and macular volume as a measure of neuronal health are related to changes in myelin water fraction in the optic r...

The Rho/ROCK pathway is a promising therapeutic target in neurodegenerative and neurotraumatic diseases. Pharmacological inhibition of various pathway members has been shown to promote neuronal regeneration and survival. However, because pharmacological inhibitors are inherently limited in their specificity, shRNA-mediated approaches can add more information on the function of each single kinas...

PURPOSE Mast cells are classically found in ocular tissues within the conjunctiva, choroid, and iris. The aim of this study was to examine their distribution in the optic nerve and its meninges. METHODS Sixty-six human optic nerves were studied from normal subjects at autopsy, fetuses aborted for chromosomal abnormalities, and from enucleation specimens of patients with a variety of inflammat...