In laser application systems, the optical film is one of most important parts system, as well its weakest link. Its damage performance determines output characteristics and safety system. This paper focuses on fundamental frequency reflection dielectric films used in large high-powered devices. The study film’s initial growth carried out through testing microscopic morphology damage. results sh...

The laser diode facet damage is one of the impeding factors of the high-power laser diode operation. To overcome this restriction laser diode facet coating can be utilized. During the high power operation of the laser diode, it is observed that the single layer anti reflection (AR) coating at the front facet shows optical damage while the multilayer high reflective coating at the back facet rem...

Feather pecking in laying hens is a major welfare and production problem for commercial egg producers, resulting in mortality, loss of production as well as welfare issues for the damaged birds. Damaging outbreaks of feather pecking are currently impossible to control, despite a number of proposed interventions. However, the ability to predict feather damage in advance would be a valuable resea...

LLE Review, Volume 74 131 The cold processing of optical glasses usually involves rough grinding, microgrinding, and polishing. In microgrinding,1,2 the resulting brittle-material-removal rate produces a cracked layer near the glass surface, referred to as subsurface damage (SSD). [Editor’s note: The acronym for subsurface damage (SSD) used in this article should not be confused with its more c...

Quantum dots (QD) have unique electronic and optical properties promoting biotechnological advances. However, our understanding of the toxicological structure-activity relationships remains limited. This study aimed to determine the biological impact of varying nanomaterial surface chemistry by assessing the interaction of QD with either a negative (carboxyl), neutral (hexadecylamine; HDA) or p...

Many pathophysiological phenomena are associated with soft tissue loading that does not produce visible damage or tissue failure. As such, there is an unexplained disconnect between tissue injury and detectable structural damage during loading. This study investigated the collagen fiber kinematics of the rat facet capsular ligament to identify the onset of subfailure damage during tensile loadi...