Optical dark solitons described by the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation are discussed, and the criterion of soliton instability is presented. This analytical criterion is confirmed numerically for an exactly solvable model of nonlinear saturation.

We propose the use of a robust, biopsy needle-based, fiber-optic tool for routine clinical quantification of tumor oxygenation at the time of diagnostic biopsy for breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to show diffuse reflectance spectroscopy as a quantitative tool to measure oxygenation levels in the vascular compartment of breast cancers in vivo via an optical biopsy technique. Thirty-...

In this paper the design and performance of novel micromechanically-tunable vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers (VCSOAs) are presented. Theoretical design issues include overviews of the signal gain, wavelength tuning characteristics, saturation properties, and noise figure of these unique devices. Using general Fabry-Pérot relationships it is possible to model both the wavelength ...

A theoretical model examining the effects of erythrocyte oxygenation on optoacoustic (OA) signals is presented. Each erythrocyte is considered as a fluid sphere and its optical absorption is defined by its oxygen saturation state. The OA field generated by a cell is computed by solving the wave equation in the frequency domain with appropriate boundary conditions. The resultant field from many ...

Regional cerebrovascular oxygen saturation, a quantitative measure of hemoglobin saturation in the combined arterial, venous, and microcirculatory compartments of the brain, can be measured noninvasively with near infrared spectroscopy. We assessed the sensitivity of this aggregate saturation to cerebral hypoxia during transient cerebral hypoxic hypoxia in seven human subjects. Regional cerebro...

We present studies of strong coupling in single-photon photoassociation of cesium dimers using an optical dipole trap. A thermodynamic model of the trap depletion dynamics is employed to extract absolute rate coefficents. From the dependence of the rate coefficient on the photoassociation laser intensity, we observe saturation of the photoassociation scattering probability at the unitarity limi...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Cerebral oxygen extraction, defined as the difference between arterial and venous oxygen saturations (SaO2 and SvO2), is a critical parameter for managing intensive care patients at risk for neurological collapse. Although quantification of SaO2 is easily performed with pulse oximetry or moderately invasive arterial blood draws in peripheral vessels, cerebral SvO2 is fr...

A ratiometric optical sensor has been developed with electrospinning processing method for dissolved oxygen measurement. The sensing film is fabricated by using silver nano-particles (Ag NPs) doped with tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium(II) dichloride complex (Ru(DPP)₃Cl₂) encapsulated in plasticized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). An insensitive 3-(2-benzothiazolyl)-7-(diethy la...

Of the three basic color perceptions, hue, brightness, and colorfulness, hue has no relative version, but brightness has lightness, and colorfulness has chroma and saturation. Correlates of chroma are widely used in color difference formulae, but saturation currently plays little part in color science and technology. This is perhaps because in many industries flat samples are viewed in uniform ...

We present a hybrid continuous-wave, frequency-domain instrument for near-infrared spectral imaging of the female breast based on a tandem, planar scanning of one illumination optical fiber and one collection optical fiber configured in a transmission geometry. The spatial sampling rate of 25 points/cm(2) is increased to 400 points/cm(2) by postprocessing the data with a 2D cubic spline interpo...