the present article studies the symbolism in the poetry of badrshakir al-siab. his literary method played an important role in leading the literature of 50s and 60s in iraq and the whole arab world. this article tries to express how siab after becoming familiar with western literature and being affected by the european symbolist poets could add a new form to the contemporary arabic poetry. he t...

in this study, isolate sr99-ua (race 70e 128) of wheat stripe rust (puccinia striiformis west. f. sp. tritici eriks) was used to infect susceptible spring wheat (cultivar thatcher) and its near isogenic line possessing yr-18 adult-plant resistance gene. samples were taken at the flag leaf stage and observed using light, transmission and scanning electron micro-scopes. no major differences in th...

background and purpose: mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites with a very high diversity that are produced by some species of aspergillus which frequently leads to contaminate food and agricultural products. recently, elimination of aflatoxin contamination in food and feed has been considered by scientists worldwide. although, the antibacterial and antifungal effects of vitamins as natura...

glutathione s-transferase (gst) is a superfamily enzyme which plays a major role indetoxification of xenobiotic compounds by catalyzing the conjugation of xenobiotic to cellular glutathione(gsh). gst-p is an important class of gsts which is expressed during the early stage of life and duringdevelopmental stages. its activity is relatively high during embryogenesis and immediately after birth an...

our previous studies showed that the promyelocytic leukemia protein, pml, functions as acellular and growth suppressor. transient expression of pml was also found to repress the activity of theepidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) gene promoter. in this study, we have examined the effects ofpml on a431 cells, which express a high level of egfr protein. the pml gene was introduced into thecell...

one of the most efficient mechanisms by which plants protect themselves from invading virusesis the specific rna-dependent silencing pathway termed post-transcriptional gene silencing(ptgs). in this mechanism, resistance to a virus is engineered through the expression of asegment of the virus genomein transgenic plants. potato virusy (pvy) is one of the mostdamaging viruses of potato, infecting...

chlamydia trachomatis is one of the main causes of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) such as  prostatitis and epididymitis in men and cervicitis, endometriosis, vaginitis and ureogenital tract infections in women.  serological tests with sensitivities related to specific antigens are commonly used as  routine laboratory tests for diagnosis of chlamydia. in this research the chlamydia major o...

genetic epidemiological studies strongly suggest that additive and interactive genes, each with small effects, mediate the genetic vulnerability for schizophrenia. with the human genome working draft at hand, candidate gene (and ultimately large-scale genome-wide) association studies are gaining renewed interest in the effort to unravel the complex genetics of schizophrenia. linkage and fine ma...

infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is the causative agent of gumboro disease, an infectious disease of global economic importance in poultry. structural protein vp2 of ibdv is the most frequently studied protein due to its significant roles in virus attachment, protective immunity, and serotype specificity. the objective of the present study was to improve the expression of hypervariable re...

background: several influential factors such as transcription factors and intracellular signaling components are involved in differentiation of stem cells into a specific lineage. p15 and p16 proteins are among these factors. accumulating evidences has introduced the epigenetic as a master regulator of these factors during lineage specification. the main objective of this study is to determine ...