Block truncation coding (BTC) divides an image into blocks having given size and then encodes each block by two representative gray levels and a bit-pattern. In this work a modi"ed scheme of BTC is proposed where the computed representative gray levels are the bias and the contrast in each block. Secondly, instead of determining bit-pattern for each block, an optimum bit-pattern is selected fro...

In this paper, we propose two algorithms based on the popular Bit Plane Splicing Least Significant Bit (LSB) Technique for secret data hiding inside images. One major disadvantage of Bit Plane Splicing LSB technique is its low hiding capacity which results in severe degradation of the cover image upon hiding large amount of data. The proposed algorithms overcome this issue by imposing hiding ru...

In this paper, we derive a new selection combining (SC) scheme for noncoherent binary FSK signals on independent (but not necessarily identically distributed) Rayleigh fading channels with -antenna diversity reception. With this combining scheme, we choose the diversity branch having the largest magnitude of the logarithm of the ratio of the a posteriori probabilities (log-APP ratio – LAPPR) of...

This study aims to develop a numerical method that can be used to investigate the cushioning properties of different insole materials on a subject-specific basis. Diabetic footwear and orthotic insoles play an important role for the reduction of plantar pressure in people with diabetes (type-2). Despite that, little information exists about their optimum cushioning properties. A new in-vivo mea...

The cone bit is the most principal rock breaking tool in drilling engineering. statistical analysis of field data shows that early damage and failure sliding bearing one main reasons affect service life performance real process. Aiming at complex working environment with heavy load, high temperature mixed lubrication, paper establishes a multilevel line contact model rough surface carries out f...

We develop a two stage split vector quantization method with optimum bit allocation, for achieving minimum computational complexity. This also results in much lower memory requirement than the recently proposed switched split vector quantization method. To improve the rate-distortion performance further, a region specific normalization is introduced, which results in 1 bit/vector improvement ov...

In this paper, new space time/frequency block coding (STBC/SFBC) scheme with angle feedback for 4-transmit antennas is proposed to achieve the full diversity gain with the full code rate. This scheme can be generalized with multiple receive antennas. With the proposed scheme, we show the channel characteristics can be much improved with as small as 1-bit feedback overhead. Simulation shows that...

Palm-based lipid nanoparticle formulation loaded with griseofulvin was prepared by hot homogenisation and a solvent-free method. The optimum griseofulvin loaded lipid nanoparticles were prepared via stages of optimisation, such as high pressure homogenisation (HPH) parameters, lipid and surfactant screening and selection of suitable lipid to surfactant ratios; followed by photon correlation stu...

Optimum scalar quantization is considered for the IIR filter and quantization system presented in "Power reduction in wireless receivers through multistage digital filtering and quantization" [1]. In [1], only suboptimum uniform quantization was used. An optimum scalar quantizer was constructed for a training sequence with a Signal to Interference ratio of −40dB, as was considered in extensivel...

Arithmetic coding for data compression has gained widespread acceptance for optimum compression when used in a suitable model. The "traditional" hard bit based decoding suffers from severe loss of data when errors are present in the received bitstream. In this paper, heuristic-search based algorithms are introduced for the decoding of arithmetic coded bitstreams. They utilize both channel "soft...