We demonstrate how measuring orbital period derivatives can lead to more accurate distance estimates and transverse velocities for some nearby binary pulsars. In many cases this method will estimate distances more accurately than is possible by annual parallax, as the relative error decreases as t. Unfortunately, distance uncertainties limit the degree to which nearby relativistic binary pulsar...

BACKGROUND Primates have large eyes relative to head size, which profoundly influence the ontogenetic emergence of facial form. However, growth of the primate eye is only understood in a narrow taxonomic perspective, with information biased toward anthropoids. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We measured eye and bony orbit size in perinatal prosimian primates (17 strepsirrhine taxa and Tarsius ...

PURPOSE To determine the exact anatomic location and volume of the thickest section of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone (trigone), which is removed during deep lateral orbital wall decompression. METHODS Eighteen dried skulls were used to determine the exact anatomic location and computed tomography (CT) images of 20 patients (10 male, 10 female) were used for volumetric calculations. ...

Orbital neoplasms with associated bone erosions and intracranial extension are generally considered suspicious for malignancies. Here, we describe the clinical and radiological findings, as well as the surgical management of two extraordinary cases, in which such bony perforations with subsequent intracranial tumor growth resulted from benign angiomatous orbital neoplasms. Two female patients, ...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the factors affecting recovery of diplopia and limited ocular motility in pediatric patients who underwent surgery for orbital wall fracture. DESIGN Retrospective observational case series. METHODS In this retrospective observational case series, 150 pediatric patients (1-18 years old) who were diagnosed with orbital medial wall or floor fracture and underwent corr...

Background. Orbital epidermoids form a rare pathological entity that is separate from dermoid cysts. They have variable clinical and radiological presentations and they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of orbital cystic lesions. This work describes the various clinical and radiological presentations of 17 cases of epidermoid cysts and the surgical outcome. Method. A prospectiv...

PURPOSE In the human body, the orbital muscle is a limited smooth-muscle tissue extending between hard tissues. To provide better understanding of its function, the authors re-examined its development in fetuses. METHODS Using 20 human fetuses (12-25 weeks of gestation), semiserial horizontal or sagittal paraffin sections were prepared at intervals of 20 to 100 μm. In addition to routine hist...

INTRODUCTION The orbit may be directly involved by neoplasms or other destructive processes arising from the orbital contents, the osseous framework or, indirectly, as extensions of extraorbital tumors from the sinuses or cranial vault. In most osseous neoplasms of the orbit, and in tumors with extension into the orbit from surrounding areas, resection of part or all of the orbital walls will b...

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to establish the normal-range orbital parameters and to explore the relationships between ocular protrusion and various orbital morphological factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective, non-comparative case series was conducted from January 2014 to December 2015. We recruited 56 subjects (112 orbits), including 27 males (21 to 87 years of age) and ...

This research explores the concept of black holes in physics general relativity, including its formation and properties. The study focuses on relationship between orbital velocity distance objects around a hole, which is measured units speed light (c) kiloparsecs (kpc), respectively. Using observational techniques, produces plot showing distance, follows Kepler's law modified by Newtonian theor...