Virtual surgical planning (VSP) has recently been introduced in craniomaxillofacial surgery with the goal of improving efficiency and precision for complex surgical operations. Among many indications, VSP can also be applied for the treatment of congenital and acquired craniofacial defects, including orbital fractures. VSP permits the surgeon to visualize the complex anatomy of craniofacial reg...

The mechanism of diplopia from enophthalmos is not well understood. We describe a 55-year-old man who underwent a left transorbital craniotomy for clipping of a basilar aneurysm. The lateral orbital wall was not reconstructed properly, resulting in 8 mm of left enophthalmos. Months after surgery the patient developed diplopia with ocular excursions, although he remained orthotropic in primary g...

Cranial computed tomographic scans of 225 patients with orbital mass lesions were reviewed. In 11 patients, the optic nerve was seen as a linear defect through the orbital mass. These 11 cases comprised three optic nerve sheath meningiomas, three hemangiomas, two cases of pseudotumor, and one case each of Erdheim-Chester disease, optic neuritis, and metastatic disease. Optic nerve sheath mening...

PURPOSE To report a patient who developed an unusual combination of central retinal artery occlusion with ophthalmoplegia following spinal surgery in the prone position. METHODS A 60-year-old man underwent a cervical spinal surgery in the prone position. Soon after recovery he could not open his right eye and had ocular pain due to the general anesthesia. Upon examination, we determined that ...

Ninety-three human skulls (80 adults and 13 children) have been examined and the extent of thin bone in the party walls between the orbit and the frontal, ethmoidal and maxillary sinuses has been assessed. Translucent bone is most often present in the lateral wall of the ethmoidal labyrinth and least often in the floor of the frontal sinus. In children such bone is present significantly less of...

PURPOSE To repair the segmental orbital rim defects of dogs with three-dimensional (3D) tissue-engineered constructs derived from culturing autogenous bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds. METHODS A 25-mm segmental defect on the canine inferior orbital rim was created. BMSCs were isolated and osteogenically induced in vitro, then were seeded onto 3D β-...

BACKGROUND Optic nerve transection and chorioretinitis sclopetaria may occur following blunt ocular trauma. However, simultaneous occurrence has not yet been reported. We report the first case of concomitant optic nerve transection and chorioretinitis sclopetaria. CASE PRESENTATION A 12-year-old boy with history of BB gun injury to his right eye was referred for loss of vision. His visual acu...

Background & Aims: The orbital cavity is an important anatomic structure in the face. It is in close connection with the skull, paranasal sinuses, and the nose. Precise knowledge of the orbital cavity dimensions can be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases associated with the orbital cavity. Due to the lack of adequate research on orbital size in Iran and the city of Kerman, the ai...

BACKGROUND Traditionally, restoration of extensive palatomaxillary defects have been achieved by prosthetic restoration, often with suboptimal functional results. More recently, vascularized bone-containing free flaps have been used for this purpose. OBJECTIVE To describe 6 patients who underwent palatomaxillary reconstruction using the composite iliac crest-internal oblique osteomusculocutan...

DISCUSSION Retro-orbital hematoma is a sight-threatening condition. Older adults may already have established impairment of visual acuity in one or both eyes. Further visual loss may be catastrophic in terms of functional impairment and loss of independence. Animal models have suggested that irreversible visual loss may occur after 100 minutes. The etiology of reduced visual acuity includes dir...