textbooks play a pivotal role in language learning classrooms. the problem is, among a wide range of textbooks available, which one is more appropriate for a specific classroom and a group of learners. in order to evaluate elt textbooks, theorists and writers have offered different kinds of evaluative frameworks based on a number of principles and criteria. this study evaluates one example of s...

In recent year's renewable energy sources have become a useful alternative for the power generation. The power of photovoltaic is nonlinear function of its voltage and current. It is necessary to maintain the operation point of photovoltaic in order to get the maximum power point (MPP) in various solar intensity. Fuzzy logic controller has advantage in handling non-linear system. Maximum power ...

Propositional temporal logic is now well established, both in its theory and its utility for practical applications in computing. In contrast, predicate, or first-order, temporal logic has been less studied. Unpublished results of Lindström and Scott in the 1960s showed that even weak fragments of first-order temporal logic are highly undecidable, and these and later similar results (see, e.g.,...

Since rewriting logic has been introduced, it has shown its adequateness both as a semantic and a logical framework. But the numerous applications of the rewriting logic in the above two areas has shown the importance of increasing its expressive power. Therefore, in order to facilitate this work, we will study in this paper how to generalize the transformation that from the equational logic ha...

We define a procedure for translating given first-order formula to an equivalent modal formula, if one exists, by using tableau-based bisimulation invariance test. A previously developed tableau tests of and therefore whether that is the standard translation some formula. Using closed as starting point, we show how can be effectively obtained.

This is a short report about the first contest of Multi-Agent Systems (MASs) that are based on computational logic. The CLIMA workshop series (which started in 1999) is a forum to discuss techniques, based on computational logic, for representing, programming, and reasoning about Multi-Agent Systems in a formal way. Now in its seventh year, it was felt that organising a competition for evaluati...

Abstract Liberal intervention actors often understand Russian engagements in Africa through a great power vacuum logic. This logic sees influence as resulting from Russia filling where other (notably liberal) interveners downscale. article unpacks that and explores its consequences effects. On the one hand, is central to representations of an entirely external ‘other’, which contribute constitu...

With the increasing importance of the World Wide Web as an information source there is a growing interest for integration of Web and database technology Several Web query languages have been pre sented to overcome the shortcomings of conventional search engines most of them lacking a formal semantics In this paper we propose F logic as a means to explore query and restructure Web information an...