As a breast-imaging technique, digital breast tomosynthesis has great potential to improve the diagnosis of early breast cancer over mammography. Ray-tracing-based reconstruction algorithms, such as ray-tracing back projection, maximum-likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM), ordered-subset MLEM (OS-MLEM), and simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART), have been developed as rec...

the geometric distribution of states duration is one of the main performance limiting assumptions of hidden markov modeling of speech signals. stochastic segment models, generally, and segmental hmm, specifically, overcome this deficiency partly at the cost of more complexity in both training and recognition phases. in this paper, a new duration modeling approach is presented. the main idea of ...

Empirical studies on household car ownership have used two types of discrete choice modelling structures, the ordered and the unordered. In ordered structures such as the ordered logit and ordered probit models, the choice of the number of household-vehicles arises from a uni-dimensional latent index that reflects the propensity of a household to own vehicles. Unordered response models, on the ...

Knowledge of the statistical properties of reconstructed single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) images would be helpful for optimizing acquisition and image processing protocols. We describe a non-parametric bootstrap approach to accurately estimate the statistical properties of SPECT or PET images whatever the noise properties in the projectio...

automatic segmentation of multiple sclerosis (ms) lesions in brain magnetic resonance imaging (mri) has been widely investigated in the recent years with the goal of helping ms diagnosis and patient follow‑up. in this research work, gaussian mixture model (gmm) has been used to segment the ms lesions in mris, including t1‑weighted (t1‑w), t2‑w, and t2‑fluid attenuation inversion recovery. usual...


 This paper discuss about the use face patteren recognition which is now days become popular especialy on smartphone lock screen system. The method used in this research are Expectation – Maximization (EM) Algorithm. EM Algorithm an iterative optimization for estimation of Maximum Likelihood (ML) incomplete data problems. there 2 stages, namely stage E (E-step) and M (M-step). These two s...