The processes responsible for the transformation of banded iron formations to hard high-grade hematite ore, and their timing, remain poorly understood despite many recent advances. The paleomagnetic method allows for the estimation of ore genesis timing as a complement to other techniques. The effectiveness of the paleomagnetic method at dating, and testing proposed models for, the genesis of h...

Introduction The history of haematite iron ore mining in the Cumberland and Furness districts has been excellently described by Kendall (1893), and from a summary of this and works by Smith (1924), the following brief facts have been taken. The date of the first working of haematite in Cumberland and Furness is uncertain, but the exposed veins in the Lake District must have been known long befo...

Chemical Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling (CLOU) is an advanced approach proposed for improving the utilization degree of solid fuels and speeding up the reaction rate in Chemical-Looping Combustion technology (CLC). In CLOU system, OC circulates between fuel reactor (FR) and air reactor (AR), providing gaseous oxygen for the combustion of fuels (in FR) and then being regenerated by absorbing gas...

When cells are challenged by hyperosmotic stress, one of the crucial adaptive responses is the expression of osmoprotective genes that are responsible for raising the intracellular level of compatible osmolytes such as sorbitol, betaine, and myo-inositol. This is achieved by the activation of the transcription factor called OREBP (also known as TonEBP or NFAT5) that specifically binds to the os...

Uranium (U) concentration and the activities of 238U, 234U, and 230Th were determined for groundwaters, spring waters, and lake water collected from the Shihongtan sandstone-hosted U ore district and in the surrounding area, NW China. The results show that the groundwaters from the oxidizing aquifer with high dissolved oxygen concentration (O2) and oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) are enriche...

This article is focused on the numerical analysis of the hard rock (ore) disintegration process (continuation of the firstly article published in this Journal, see [3]). The bit moves and sinks into the hard rock (mechanical contact with friction between the ore and the cutting bit) and subsequently disintegrates it. The disintegration (i.e. stress-strain relationship, contact forces, reaction ...

Iron ore and coal are the two major important raw materials being used in Iron making industries. Usually ore fines containing around 5% Alumina are rejected due to higher proportion of alumina. Therefore, a technology or process which may reduce the alumina content by 2% by beneficiation process will be highly attractive . In addition fine coals with ash content is used nearly 12% is directly ...

This paper gives a critical review of all relevant, published works on the stratigraphy, tectonics, magmatism, metamorphism and metallogeny of the metamorphic complex of the Drina-Ivanjica Formation in eastern Bosnia-western Serbia. Special attention was paid to all unresolved or controversial issues in geology and metallogeny of this area. The basic controversial geological problem is the ques...

Alumina-rich iron ore is a widely existed polymetallic deposit in the nature, and it has a high comprehensive utilization value. Because the alumina and iron contents of alumina-rich iron ore vary from each other, there are many different measures and processes to recover iron and alumina from the various kinds of alumina-rich iron ore. In the blast furnace (BF) ironmaking process, the alumina ...

In Palaeozoic rocks of South-eastern Bosnia (SEB) there are numerous, but very small vein and replacement barite ore deposits containing up to 10% Pb-Zn-Fe-Cu sulphides. Their geochemical characteristics are compared with large barite monosulphide (Hg-tetrahedrite) ore deposits in Mid-Bosnian Schist Mountains (MBSM). The 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios in the barites of both areas are very similar, (0...