objective(s):the present study was undertaken to determine the effects of acute exposure to malathion on oxidative stress and cytotoxic potential of anticholinesterase insecticide, malathion in reproductive toxicology of adolescent male mice. materials and methods: thirty two adolescent male mice at pubertal age were treated with 500 mg/kg body weight (bw) of malathion for three days. after exp...

Pricing and reimbursement of orphan drugs are an issue of high priority for policy makers, legislators, health care professionals, industry leaders, academics and patients. This study aims to conduct a literature review to provide insight into the drivers of orphan drug pricing and reimbursement. Although orphan drug pricing follows the same economic logic as drug pricing in general, the monopo...

Background/Objective: Orphan drugs are medicinal products which treat life-threatening or chronically debilitating diseases which aff ect small patient populations. So far there is a substantial knowledge gap on actual expenditure on orphan drugs in Serbia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide insight into the expenditure trends of orphan drugs in Serbia. Material and methods: Annual...

We describe GuysWork, a school-based healthy living program for adolescent boys, and share results from pilot evaluation in Nova Scotia, Canada, during COVID-19. The team hypothesized the would reduce loneliness, perceived stress, adherence to key traditional male gender role norms postprogram. A longitudinal cohort pre- postsurvey design was used. One-hundred fifty-two participants completed s...

INTRODUCTION In the U.S., HPV vaccination of adolescent males remains low, despite the recommendation for routine vaccination. Although research has highlighted that health care provider (HCP) recommendation is very influential in HPV vaccine uptake, research on this topic in the male population is lacking. Accordingly, we used a qualitative approach to identify HCP knowledge, attitudes, and be...

BACKGROUND Attention for Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) is growing, but evidence for orphan drugs is argued to be limited and inferior. This study systematically reviews the available evidence on clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and budget impact for orphan drugs. METHODS A systematic review was performed in PubMed, Embase, NHS EED and HTA databases for 11 inpatient orphan drugs list...