COVID-19 has affected Indonesia in the health aspect and social, economic, human rights, especially for vulnerable groups. The pandemic also multiplied injustice experienced by women, children, persons with disabilities, elderly. Hundreds of thousands Indonesians died, not only elderly, most group, but productive age population. Children have to face two kinds threats at once, threat exposure p...

This article presents unique evidence that orphanhood matters in the long run for health and education outcomes in a region of northwestern Tanzania. We study a sample of 718 non-orphaned children surveyed in 1991-1994 who were traced and reinterviewed as adults in 2004. A large proportion, 19%, lost one or more parents before age 15 in this period, allowing us to assess permanent health and ed...

tragedy but as something shameful and even obscene; these attitudes rub off on children. Fortunately in this country, though not in countries at war, such as Vietnam, the number of orphans has steadily decreased as medical science has progressed and standards of living improved. And bereavement and separation are now recognised as important factors in children's behaviour, although the effect o...

OBJECTIVE The aims were: (1) to examine the profile of African street children and to assess the link between street children in Africa and political violence; (2) to undertake a systematic examination of causal factors of street children in postgenocide Rwanda; and (3) to situate this analysis in the context of the socio-cultural and political impact of the genocide on Rwandan communities. M...