In the present study, we investigated the oscillatory behavior of the auditory thalamic neurons through in vivo intracellular and extracellular recordings in anesthetized guinea pigs. Repeated acoustic stimulus and cortical electrical stimulation were applied to examine their modulatory effects on the thalamic oscillation. The time course of the spike frequency over each trial was obtained by s...

Background: Epilepsy is a brain disorder that changes the basin geometry of the oscillation of trajectories in the phase space. Nevertheless, recent studies on epilepsy often used the statistical characteristics of this space to diagnose epileptic seizures. Objectives: We evaluated changes caused by the seizures on the mentioned basin by focusing on phase space sorted by Poincaré sections. Ma...

Signal transduction pathways control various events in mammalian cells such as growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, or migration in response to environmental stimuli. Because of their importance, the activity of signaling pathways is controlled by multiple modes of positive and negative feedback regulation. Although negative feedback regulation primarily functions to stabilize a s...

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been associated with altered neural oscillations, especially fast oscillatory activity in the gamma frequency range, suggesting fundamentally disturbed temporal coordination of activity during information processing. A detailed review of available cortical oscillation studies in ASD does not convey a clear-cut picture with respect to dysfunctional oscillatio...

In response to neurotransmitters, astrocytes show various types of calcium increase (transient, oscillatory, and complex), the physiological significance of which is still controversial. To explore this variability, we examined factors affecting the calcium increase pattern in cultured astrocytes and investigated the consequences of the astrocytic calcium response in slice preparations. We foun...

Using national crop and livestock production records from 1961-2003 and satellite-derived data on pasture greenness from 1982-2003 we show that the productivity of crops, livestock, and pastures in Africa is predictably associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation. The causal relations of these results are partly understandable through the associations bet...