Fluid velocities were measured by laser Doppler velocimetry under conditions of pulsatile flow in a scale model of the human carotid bifurcation. Flow velocity and wall shear stress at five axial and four circumferential positions were compared with intimal plaque thickness at corresponding locations in carotid bifurcations obtained from cadavers. Velocities and wall shear stresses during diast...

The Cox-Merz rule and Laun's rule are two empirical relations that allow the estimation of steady shear viscosity and first normal stress difference respectively using small amplitude oscillatory shear measurements. The validity of the Cox-Merz rule and Laun's rule imply an agreement between the linear viscoelastic response measured in small amplitude oscillatory shear and the nonlinear respons...

The Cox-Merz rule and Laun's rule are two empirical relations that allow the estimation of steady shear viscosity and first normal stress difference respectively using small amplitude oscillatory shear measurements. The validity of the Cox-Merz rule and Laun's rule imply an agreement between the linear viscoelastic response measured in small amplitude oscillatory shear and the nonlinear respons...

Skin is a complex multi-layered tissue, with highly non-linear viscoelastic and anisotropic properties. Thus far, a few studies have been performed to directly measure the mechanical properties of three distinguished individual skin layers; epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. These studies however, suffer from several disadvantages such as skin damage due to separation, and disruption of the comp...

In this article we investigate time-periodic shear flows in the context of the twodimensional vorticity equation, which may be applied to describe certain large-scale atmospheric and oceanic flows. The linear stability analyses of both discrete and continuous profiles demonstrate that parametric instability can arise even in this simple model: the oscillations can stabilize (destabilize) an oth...

Linear irreversible thermodynamics asserts that the instantaneous local spontaneous entropy production is always nonnegative. However for a viscoelastic uid this is not always the case. Given the fundamental status of the Second Law, this presents a problem. We provide a new derivation of the Second Law, from rst principles, which is valid for the appropriately time averaged entropy production ...

Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) distinguish among and respond differently to different types of fluid mechanical shear stress. Elucidating the mechanisms governing this differential responsiveness is the key to understanding why early atherosclerotic lesions localize preferentially in arterial regions exposed to low and/or oscillatory flow. An early and very rapid endothelial response to flow ...

A major consequence of stent implantation is restenosis that occurs due to neointimal formation. This patho-physiologic process of tissue growth may not be completely eliminated. Recent evidence suggests that there are several factors such as geometry and size of vessel, and stent design that alter hemodynamic parameters, including local wall shear stress distributions, all of which influence t...