This paper presents a chemical reaction-free sensor, based on the osmosis principle, fabricated to measure the change in glucose concentration levels. The sensor consists of a square cavity filled with a known concentration of glucose solution and sealed with a semi-permeable membrane. The volume inside the cavity changes in proportion to the glucose concentration outside the device and introdu...

Osmotically-driven membrane processes, including forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO), are emerging technologies that have come under renewed interest and subjected to numerous investigations in recent years. In FO, water is extracted from a feed solution utilizing the high osmotic pressure of a concentrated draw solution (DS) that flows on the opposite side of an FO membran...

Fertiliser-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) desalination has been recently studied as one feasible application of forward osmosis (FO) for irrigation. In this study, the potential of membrane scaling in the FDFO process has been investigated during the desalination of brackish groundwater (BGW). While most fertilisers containing monovalent ions did not result in any scaling when used as an FO draw ...

Seawater desalination, the desalination of waters flowing back from hydraulic fracturing processes and brackish water desalination constitute important desalination applications. These have a combined market size in excess of $25 billion per annum and a combined water production rate equivalent to the domestic consumption of over 300 million people. Each application offers its own distinct chal...

The desalination of seawater using reverse osmosis membranes is an attractive solution to global freshwater scarcity. However, membrane performance reduced by (bio)fouling. Membrane autopsies are essential for identifying the type fouling material, and applying corrective measures minimize fouling. Information from full-scale guiding improved plant operations scant in formal literature. In this...

Abstract Biofouling has been referred to as “the Achilles heel” of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane technology; the main cause being polyamide RO membranes lack chlorine tolerance. increases operating cost water treatment by increasing system feed pressure (i.e., energy demand) and cleaning frequency, which downtime reduces useful life. For waters with known high biofouling potential, plant design...

In this paper, we perform two-dimensional simulations of cross-flow forward osmosis (FO) membrane modules in the presence of draw and feed channel spacers. For this purpose, the equations corresponding to the conservation of mass, momentum, and convection-diffusion for the mass fraction of solute are solved using a commercial finite volume flow solver. We consider six configurations of channel ...