Klasik dönemde Osmanlı kentlerinin beledi işlerinden kadılar ve vakıf müessesesi sorumluydu. 19. yüzyıl, kentlerin altyapı imar ihtiyaçlarının giderek arttığı bir döneme denk gelmektedir. Tanzimat modernleşmesiyle birlikte kent yönetiminden sorumlu yeni kurumlar hayata geçirilmiştir. Devleti’nin ilk modern belediyesi başkent İstanbul’da kurulmuştur. 1864 Tuna Vilayet Nizamnamesi’ni takip eden g...

The Ottomans first made an appearance in the Balkan region after John Kantakouzenos requested Sultan Orhan Is assistance to win Byzantine throne. During their later assistance, acquired Fort of Tzympe Gallipoli as base region. After annexation city, affirmed intention expand territory westward that, less than half a century, they subjugated almost entire objective this study is analyse contribu...

Sufi orders and brotherhoods have extensively contributed the reproduction transformation of social political formation in Ottoman Empire besides their significance cultural intellectual life. Contrary to previous scholarship which identifies as unchanged timeless religious movements during medieval times, one causes decline decay early modern era when underwent profound transformations; revisi...