This paper focuses on the effect of motivational languaging activities (MLAs) EFL learning motivation. Swain (2006) defines as “the process making meaning and shaping knowledge experience through language” (p. 98). We extend Swain’s original notion to L2 motivation; MLAs, learners are encouraged talk or write about importance their visions in own words. Various types were implemented for elemen...

Teachers can influence the complex process of learning in education, in general, and in second/foreign language (L2) learning in particular. In this light, understanding the factors influencing teachers’ pedagogical success can help L2 teachers achieve more effective teaching. This study then investigated the role of spiritual intelligence (SI) in L2 teachers’ pedagogical success. In so doing, ...

<p><span lang="EN-US">This article presents the results of a research study on role that affective motivation plays in learning second language (L2). There were 171 American university students Spain, German, Italy, and Japan as participated study. This was an ex post facto, cross-sectional, correlational quantitative informs us which is type most beneficial for learners considers v...

Suppose we translate two different source languages, L1 and L2, into the same intermediate language; can they safely interoperate in the same address space and under the same runtime system? If L1 supports first-class continuations (call/cc) and L2 does not, can L2 programs call arbitrary L1 functions? Would the fact of possibly calling L1 impose restrictions on the implementation strategy of L...

WVHAT EVERYONE OUGHT TO KNOW. By Oliver T. Osborne. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Ill. This is a book on health, disease and accident, and should enable the fifteen-minute-a-day reader to talk impressively about a variety of things without thoroughly understanding any of them. One who is reasonably familiar with the fields of biology may wonder if it is useful to present to laymen a variety o...