in addition to ultrasonographic monitoring of folliculogenesis, urinary luteinizing hormone testing, luteal phase endometrial biopsy, serum antiphospholipid antibodies, etc., immunologic tests are recently being used to evaluate reproductive disorders. in this study, sharing of hla-a, b, c and dr antigens and the presence of antipaternal cytotoxic antibody (apca) was assessed using microcytotox...

background: implantation is one of the essential steps for the success of assisted reproductive techniques (art). their success depends on three main factors: embryo quality, endometrial receptivity (er), and synchrony between embryo and endometrium. there are various factors that regulate the complex process of implantation. in this regard, one may refer to human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) a...

background: hysteroscopy offers diagnostic accuracy and the ability to treat uterine pathology. the current study aimed to review the findings and feasibility of the proposed office-based diagnostic and operative microhysteroscopy in previously diagnosed women with unexplained infertility and to evaluate the post-microhysteroscopic pregnancy outcome in a-year follow-up period. materials and met...

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ultrasonographic findings and serum progesterone and cancer antigen-125 (CA-125) levels in threatened miscarriage and to predict pregnancy outcome. MaterialsAndMethods In a prospective comparative case-control study, serum CA-125 and progesterone levels were measured for 100 pregnant women with threatened miscarriage who ...

Objective: To determine the association of adolescence pregnancy and adverse outcome. Study Design: Prospective Cohort study. Setting: Department Gynae Obs, HBS General Hospital Islamabad. Period: June-2018 to April-2019. Material & Methods: A total 226 pregnant females with singleton 20-24 weeks gestational age 16 30 years were included in Patients known diabetics, h/o chronic hypertension...