Mice have become more important as genetically-modified model animals for analysis of physiological functions. The establishment of a frequent blood sampling system in conscious mice would provide a powerful tool for a better and more detailed understanding of the physiological status of circulating hormonal changes, such as pulse or surge modes of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Frequent b...

Central to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is the ability of estrogen deficiency to increase osteoclast formation by enhancing stromal cell production of the osteoclastogenic cytokine macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). We report that stromal cells from ovariectomized mice exhibit increased casein kinase II-dependent phosphorylation of the nuclear protein Egr-1. Phosphorylated Egr-1 ...

conclusions the results of the present study show that administration of t. foenum-graecum corrects metabolic and inflammatory alterations associated with ovariectomy and has a potential for the management of menopause. objectives the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of t. foenum-graecum seed extract in reducing the metabolic and inflammatory alternations associated with menopaus...

Blood vessel cells express the 2 known estrogen receptors, and (ER , ER ), which are thought to mediate estrogen inhibition of vascular injury and atherosclerosis, but the relative role of ER and ER in these events is controversial. Estrogen inhibits the vascular injury response to the same extent in ovariectomized female wild-type mice and in the original single gene knockout mice for ER (ER K...

Background: The fracture healing is impaired in osteoporosis. Piper sarmentosum is a plant, which contains potent antioxidant, naringenin that may enhance fracture healing. The present histological study aimed to determine the effects of water extract of Piper sarmentosum on the late phase of fracture healing in estrogen-deficient rats. Methods: Twenty four female Sprague-Dawley rats (2...

2ƒ¿,3ƒ¿-Epithio-5ƒ¿-androstan-17ƒÀ-ol (10275-S) has been known to possess a potent and long-acting anti-estrogenic activity in rodents. In this experiment, 1.25mg 10275-S injected once subcutaneously into the ovariectomized and estradiol-treated mice caused a complete block of vaginal cornification for 24.3 days in spite of the successive treatment with estrogen. Pre-treatment with 10275-S in o...

conclusions it appears that fenugreek seed might be effective against hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in ovariectomized rats without impact on serum apelin. furthermore, 17-β estradiol could have similar effects along with possible inhibitory effects on serum apelin. the complicated role of apelin in menopause needs to be further explored. results serum apelin, glucose, lip...

Androgens have important cardiometabolic actions in males, but their metabolic role in females is unclear. To determine the physiologic androgen receptor (AR)-dependent actions of androgens on atherogenesis in female mice, we generated female AR-knockout (ARKO) mice on an atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient background. After 8 weeks on a high-fat diet, but not on a normal ch...

Background & Aims: Neurogenesis in the adult mammal brain occurs throughout life. Adult neurogenesis has been clearly demonstrated in the sub granular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus. Pheromones that plays an essential role in the development of the central nervous system. The male pheromones are involved in regulating neurogenesis in both the olfactory bulb and hippocam...

objective: menopause is the condition when regular menstrual periods cease and may be accompanied by psychological and physical symptoms. the purpose of current study was to determine nigella sativa effects on reproductive system in experimental menopause animal models. materials and methods: a series of experiments wasconducted to investigate the effects of different dosages of n. sativa (firs...