Among 17 species and cultivars of plants exposed to Anguina plantaginis, only Plantago aristata (bracted plantain) was a host. Larvae penetrated the emerging apical meristem; reproduces and migrated progressively; caused twisting and galling of leaves, looping andspiraling of peduncles, and transformation of floral structures into galls. Extreme infections caused stunting and death of entire pl...

Larvae of Oliera argentinana, Brèthes 1916 (Lepidoptera: Cecidosidae) were rediscovered inducing spindle-shaped galls enclosed within swollen stems of Schinus (Anacardiaceae) in central Argentina and Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil. Male, female, immature stages, and plant galls of O. argentinana are redescribed, using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The genus Olie...

Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin are the major phospholipids in young leaves of black oak (Quercus robor L.). Except for phosphatidylcholine, young, developing cynipid-galls on black oak leaves, i.e. the insect-transformed tissues, contain less phospholipid than normal leaf tissues. Lipid acyl hydrolase activity determined by the cleavage of fr...

herbivory is observed in different forms, one of these forms leading to gall production. among gall–inducing insects, oak gall wasps (hymenoptera: cynipidae) are found on the oak trees producing galls on certain parts of the host. in this survey, oak gall wasps were collected from oak forests in west azerbaijan in spring (2010). the occurred galls on oak trees (in spring) were collected from su...

Three new cecidogenous species of Palaeomystella Fletcher (Lepidoptera, Momphidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest are described. Larvae of P. fernandesi Moreira & Becker, sp. n., P. rosaemariae Moreira & Becker, sp. n. and P. tavaresi Becker & Moreira, sp. n. induce galls, respectively, on Tibouchina sellowiana (Cham.) Cogn., T. asperior (Cham.) Cogn. and T. fissinervia (Schrank & Mart...

During the years 2007 and 2008, samples of winter jasmine (Jasminum nudiflorum) with symptoms of galls on shoots were collected from Shiraz, Fars province, Iran. Gram and oxidase negative, aerobic bacterium that produced fluorescent pigment on Kingۥs B medium was isolated from galls of infected trees. All isolates produced a hypersensitive reaction in tobacco. They were negative in arginine dih...

Communities of insect herbivores and their natural enemies are rich and ecologically crucial components of terrestrial biodiversity. Understanding the processes that promote their origin and maintenance is thus of considerable interest. One major proposed mechanism is ecological speciation through host-associated differentiation (HAD), the divergence of a polyphagous species first into ecologic...

Fig trees are pollinated by fig wasps, which also oviposit in female flowers. The wasp larvae gall and eat developing seeds. Although fig trees benefit from allowing wasps to oviposit, because the wasp offspring disperse pollen, figs must prevent wasps from ovipositing in all flowers, or seed production would cease, and the mutualism would go extinct. In Ficus racemosa, we find that syconia ('f...

To evaluate the impact of fallout from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident on organisms, this study compared the morphology and viability of gall-forming aphids between the Fukushima population and control populations from noncontaminated areas. This study, in particular, focused on the morphology of first-instar gall formers derived from the first sexual reproduction after the a...