Succinate, an intermediate metabolite of the Krebs cycle, can alter metabolomics response to certain drugs and controls array molecular responses in urothelium through activation its receptor, G-protein coupled receptor 91 (GPR91). Mirabegron, a β3-adrenergic (β3-AR) agonist used treat overactive bladder syndrome (OAB), increases intracellular cAMP detrusor smooth muscle cells (SM...

Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is a common condition affecting adults and children worldwide, resulting in a substantial economic and psychological burden. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) is derived from acupuncture used in Chinese traditional medicine and was first described in the early 1980s. It is a neuromodulation technique used to modulate bladder function and facilitate s...

OBJECTIVES The overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is a highly prevalent and bothersome symptom complex. We review contemporary reports to provide an update of the key aspects of its pathogenesis and the therapeutic approaches. METHODS The PUBMED database was searched for relevant publications in the period from 1 January 1985 to 1 May 2013, using the keywords 'overactive bladder', 'anti-muscar...

INTRODUCTION Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is described as urgency, with or without urgency incontinence. A range of medical conditions shares the symptoms of OAB, however the diagnosis is contingent on the exclusion of urinary tract infection (UTI). Knowing that urine dipstick and routine culture of bacteria can miss UTI diagnosis caused by low-count bacteriuria or "difficult-to-culture" p...

BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the relationships among overactive bladder (OAB) symptom severity, bother, help-seeking behavior, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS A total of 127 diabetic patients, aged at least 18 years, with overactive bladder from a hospital in Shandong Province, China, were recruited for this study. Symptom severity, bother, an...

In this paper, a general introduction is given, presenting the overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) and its impact on the quality of life and economical burden in patients affected. Moreover, the anatomy, physiology and histology of the lower urinary tract are discussed, followed by a brief overview on the possible role of prostaglandin (PG) and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) in the urinary bladd...

The lower urinary tract constitutes a functional unit controlled by a complex interplay between the central and peripheral nervous systems and local regulatory factors. In the adult, micturition is controlled by a spinobulbospinal reflex, which is under suprapontine control. Several central nervous system transmitters can modulate voiding, as well as, potentially, drugs affecting voiding; for e...

ATP and NO are released from the urothelium in the bladder. Detrusor overactivity (DO) following spinal cord injury results in higher ATP and lower NO release from the bladder urothelium. Our aim was to study the relationship between ATP and NO release in (1) early diabetic bladders, an overactive bladder model; and (2) "diuretic" bladders, an underactive bladder model. To induce diabetes melli...