In this paper, we review the efficiency of both manufacturing processes and systems over recent decades and compare nano-materials technologies in this context. To a first approximation, nano-materials processes appear to be about as efficient as semi-conductor processes. That is, their second law efficiencies are of the order 10, while conventional processes are of order 10. However, many of t...

 Background: Mayonnaise is one of the food emulsions (O/W) that is used as a condiment in various foods.  Objective: Linseed oil (containing omega-3 fatty acids) was used at the replacement levels of 10, 15 and 20% of soybean oil in mayonnaise formulation and the sensory properties of samples were evaluated. Methods: In the second part of this research, the Zataria multiflora Boiss. (Z...

background: mayonnaise is one of the food emulsions (o/w) that is used as a condiment in various foods.  objective: linseed oil (containing omega-3 fatty acids) was used at the replacement levels of 10, 15 and 20% of soybean oil in mayonnaise formulation and the sensory properties of samples were evaluated. methods: in the second part of this research, the zataria multiflora boiss. (zmeo) and s...

many efforts have been made to model the the hot deformation (dynamic recrystallization) flow curves of different materials. phenomenological constitutive models, physical-based constitutive models and artificial neural network (ann) models are the main methods used for this purpose. however, there is no report on the modeling of warm deformation (dynamic spheroidization) flow curves of any kin...

Color adjectives tend to be used redundantly in referential communication. I propose that redundant color adjectives (RCAs) are often intended to exploit a color contrast in the visual context and hence facilitate object identification, despite not being necessary to establish unique reference. Two language-production experiments investigated two types of factors that may affect the use of RCAs...

In July 2015, the Health Sciences and Human Services Library (HS/HSL) at the University of Maryland, Baltimore (UMB), merged its reference and circulation services, creating the Information Services Department and Information Services Desk. Designing the Information Services Desk with a team approach allowed for the re-examination of the HS/HSL's service model from the ground up. With the creat...

Modified volume Fresnel zone plates (MVFZPs) fabricated with laser direct writing were optimized for higher diffraction efficiencies. The Fresnel radii in each layer of a volume zone plate were iteratively adjusted by a simulation-based direct search optimization. The results show that optimization is effective but depends strongly on the starting diffraction efficiencies determined by the MVFZ...

We discuss the linear dispersive properties of finite one-dimensional photonic band-gap structures. We introduce the concept of a complex effective index for structures of finite length, derived from a generalized dispersion equation that identically satisfies the Kramers-Kronig relations. We then address the conditions necessary for optimal, phase-matched, resonant second harmonic generation. ...