During physiological processes molecules undergo chemical changes involving reducing and oxidizing reactions. A molecule with an unpaired electron can combine with a molecule capable of donating an electron. The donation of an electron is termed as oxidation whereas the gaining of an electron is called reduction. Reduction and oxidation can render the reduced molecule unstable and make it free ...

Recently, we have shown that thermal effects play a crucial role in speeding up the rate of bond-dissociation reactions. This was done by applying simple temperature-shifted Arrhenius Law to experimental data, corroborated with detailed account heat diffusion occurring within relevant samples and identification errors temperature measurements. Here, provide three important extensions our previo...

The efficient electro-reduction of CO2 to chemical fuels and the electro-oxidation of hydrocarbons for generating electricity are critical toward a carbon-neutral energy cycle. The simplest reactions involving carbon species in solid-oxide fuel cells and electrolyzer cells are CO oxidation and CO2 reduction, respectively. In catalyzing these reactions, doped ceria exhibits a mixed valence of Ce...

Different facets of ceria exhibit activities for the entire spectrum oxygen electrochemistry.