N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate is widely used to sclerose bleeding gastric varices. We report the case of a 65-year-old lady, known case of cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis C infection, who presented to the emergency department with coffee ground vomiting and melena for four days. Gastroscopy showed non-bleeding small esophageal varices, mild portal hypertensive gastropathy and a large gastric fundal ...

EXTERNAL heating by conventional electric cautery or by laser provides coagulation of the tissue by conducting the heat from the surface to the inside of the tissue. Conversely, internal heating is the method for necrotizing tumor and hemostasis by means of a dielectric heating electrode, which is inserted into the tissue or tumor. The two methods of administering localized internal thermal the...

Pulmonary overinflation syndrome (POIS) is a group of barotrauma-related diseases caused by the expansion of gas trapped in the lung, or over-pressurization of the lung with subsequent over-expansion and rupture of the alveolar air sacs. This group of disorders includes arterial gas embolism, tension pneumothorax, mediastinal emphysema, subcutaneous emphysema and rarely pneumopericardium. In th...

Clinically apparent carbon dioxide (CO(2)) gas embolism is uncommon, but it may be a potentially lethal complication if it occurs. We describe a 40-year-old woman who suffered a CO(2) gas embolism with cardiac arrest during laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer and liver metastasis. Intra-abdominal pressure was controlled to less than 15 mmHg during CO(2) gas pneumoperitoneum. The right he...

introduction antiphospholipid syndrome (aps) associated with intra-cardiac thrombus and pulmonary embolism is infrequent. however, the presence of pleural effusion is extremely rare. case presentation a 42-year-old woman, admitted with palpitation, dyspnea and history of stroke and thrombocytopenia is described. doppler sonography revealed deep vein thrombosis. moreover, subsequent investigatio...

introduction: traumatic arteriovenous fistula (avf) called to an abnormal relationship between artery and vein which occurs in 10% of arterial traumas. if treatment of avf due to trauma delayed, different outcomes including heart failure, varices and varicose ulcers may accure. in case of chronic traumatic avf, open surgery may lead to remarkable outcomes, presence of many lateral veins and var...

A 40-year-old man who sustained polytrauma presented with comminuted fractures of both right tibia and femur to the emergency room (ER). He had no evidence of head injury and was admitted for surgical fixation. Twelve hours after admission he developed dyspnea and while awaiting surgery his sensorium gradually declined over the next 24 h. Examination revealed a pulse rate of 130 bpm, blood pres...

Air embolism is a rare complication of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, but potentially catastrophic. It can be clinically irrelevant, or may lead to pulmonary or even systemic embolism. Air embolism occurs mainly when low-pressure vessels are in contact with high-pressure air. Fewer than ten cases after upper gastrointestinal endoscopy have been reported [1, 2]. A 48-year-old man with clinica...

To the Editor, I read with interest the case reported in the Journal describing the events surrounding the death of a child from unilateral blunt chest trauma due to coronary and cerebral arterial gas embolism (AGE). The authors used high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) for oxygenation with a mean airway pressure of 18 cmH2O because the child’s hemoptysis raised concerns regarding airw...