The present study describes the conductometric and spectroscopic study of the interaction of reactive anionic dyes, namely, reactive red 223 and reactive orange 122 with the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). In a systematic investigation, the electrical conductivity data was used to calculate various thermodynamic parameters such as free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and...

The developmental changes that accompany tomato fruit ripening include increased solubilization and depolymerization of pectins due to the action of polygalacturonase (PG). Two PG isoenrymes can be extracted from ripe fruit: PG2, which is a single catalytic PG polypeptide, and PG1, which is composed of PG2 tightly associated with a second noncatalytic protein, the p subunit. Previous studies ha...

The mechanisms of action of mineral phosphate solubilization (MPS) were studied in the wild-type Mps‡ Penicillium rugulosum strain IR94-MF1 and in negative (Mps3) and superpositive (Mps‡‡) mutants derived from it. MPS activities were measured in liquid media using sucrose as C source, four N (arginine, nitrate, nitrate+ammonium and ammonium) and P sources (KH2PO4, hydroxyapatite, FePO4 and AlPO...

Burkholderia cepacia CC-Al74 with a high ability for solubilizing tricalcium phosphate (TCP) was used to study the P-solubilization mechanism. We collected filtrates able to solubilize TCP from the cultures of strain CC-Al74 and demonstrated that the P-solubilization increased from 0 microg ml(-1) to 200 microg ml(-1) during exponential growth, when the pH decreased from 8 to 3. HPLC-analysis r...

high yield photolytic reduction of a series of thiaphosphoranes z p sr to give z p h with uv-light-induced tri-n-butyltin hydride through phosphoranyl radical z p is described. this reaction is inhibited by a-methylstyrene and initiated by a radical initiator such as azobisisobutyronitrile

In this Article, we give a simple criterion for the regularity of a tri-linear mapping. We provide if f : X × Y × Z −→ W is a bounded tri-linear mapping and h : W −→ S is a bounded linear mapping, then f is regular if and only if hof is regular. We also shall give some necessary and sufficient conditions such that the fourth adjoint D^∗∗∗∗ of a tri-derivation D is again tri-derivation.

This study aimed to analyze and quantify the effect of different ratios vermicompost, phosphate rock, sulfur on P solubilization release by Pseudomonas fluorescens Ur21, identify optimal levels those variables for an efficient biofertilizer. Twenty experiments were defined surface response methodology based a central composite design (CCD), effects various quantities (encoded −1, 0, or +1) was ...

in this paper the trade restrictiveness of agricultural policies in iran was measured by the triindex for the nine major agricultural products including wheat, rice, barely, maize, soybean,meat (beef meat), soybean oil, sugar and banana over the period 1981 to 2007. the main resultsindicate that there is no trend in above index and high volatility especially in 2006 and 2007years due to conside...

A study was conducted at Universiti Putra Malaysia to determine the effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and organic acids (oxalic & malic) on phosphate (P) solubilization from phosphate rock (PR) and growth of aerobic rice. Four rates of each organic acid (0, 10, 20, and 30 mM), and PSB strain (Bacillus sp.) were applied to aerobic rice. Total bacterial populations, amount of P solu...

Soil microorganisms play a vital role in increasing the availability of phosphorus (P) for plants through mineralization organic P and solubilization precipitated compounds. In this two-year study, we analyzed several P-solubilizing (PSMs) genus Bacillus their consortiums ability to release soluble from apatite concentrates various grinding degrees using ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) as mo...