BACKGROUND Chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), belongs to the CC chemokine family that is associated with the disease status and outcomes of osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we investigated the intracellular signaling pathways involved in CCL2-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in human OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs). METH...

STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) is a critical mediator of IFN-gamma (interferon-gamma)-induced gene responses, and its function is regulated through phosphorylation of Tyr701 and Ser727. MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways mediate phosphorylation of Ser727 in response to microbial infections, stress stimuli and growth factors. Recently, STAT1 was found to...

BACKGROUND Classical mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways consist of a cascade of three successive phosphorylation events resulting in the phosphorylation of a variety of substrates, including another class of protein kinases referred to as MAPK-activating protein kinases (MAPKAPKs). The MAPKAPKs MK2, MK3 and MK5 are closely related, but MK2 and MK3 are the major downstrea...

Fractalkine (FKN) is a chemokine with several roles, including chemotaxis; adhesion; and immune damage, which also participates in cell inflammation apoptosis responds to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Given involvement regulatory T cells (Treg) diseases, this study investigated mechanism FKN renal injury Treg via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling pathway lupus-...

Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer and is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Estrogens are known to be involved in the development and progression of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These effects are initially mediated through binding of estrogen to estrogen receptors (ERs), in particular ERβ2. Our preliminary studies demonstrated that ERβ2 and inter...

Neuropathic pain is a chronic condition that significantly reduces the quality of life many patients as result ineffective relief therapy. For reason, looking for new analgesics remains an important issue. Mirogabalin gabapentinoid specific ligand α2σ-1 and α2σ-2 subunits voltage-gated calcium channels. In present study, we compared analgesic effect pregabalin mirogabalin in neuropathic constri...

PURPOSE To determine the role of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) in corneal epithelial cells exposed to fungus. METHODS Thirteen corneas with fungal keratitis composed the experimental group. Ten healthy donor corneas were the control group. Corneal epithelium was scraped and LOX-1 mRNA tested. Immunostaining was used to detect LOX-1 protein. Human corneal epit...

Li, Peng, Suzanne Oparil, Wenguang Feng, and Yiu-Fai Chen. Hypoxia-responsive growth factors upregulate periostin and osteopontin expression via distinct signaling pathways in rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. J Appl Physiol 97: 1550–1558, 2004. First published April 30, 2004; 10.1152/japplphysiol.01311.2003.— This study tested the hypothesis that expression of the novel adhesion mole...

Interstitial fibrosis serves a causal role in the development of heart failure following acute and chronic myocardial infarction, and anti‑fibrotic therapy represents a promising strategy to mitigate this pathological process. Oxymatrine (OMT) exerts a number of pharmacological effects on the cardiovascular system, but its anti‑cardiovascular disease mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of th...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inflammatory cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study was conducted to examine the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the development of vasospasm and cytokine production. METHODS We measured the expression levels of genes and proteins related to inflammation in human vascular sm...