The composition of the volatile fraction of Polygonum bistorta L. (also known as bistort or snakeroot) was investigated. Fresh aerial parts of this plant species were collected in the Western Italian Alps during the summer at three different phenological stages, namely vegetative, flowering, and fruiting, and steam-distilled in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The oils accounted for 0.004 to 0.010% ...

Two strains of Gram-variable, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, peritrichously flagellated, rod-shaped bacteria were isolated from a soil sample collected in Taejon City, Korea. The two strains (AM49T and AM141T) were found to be members of the genus Paenibacillus, on the basis of the results of phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses. Strains AM49T and AM141T were found to have a cell-wall peptidogl...

The gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae is the etiological agent of American Foulbrood (AFB), a globally occurring, deathly epizootic of honey bee brood. AFB outbreaks are predominantly caused by two genotypes of P. larvae, ERIC I and ERIC II, with P. larvae ERIC II being the more virulent genotype on larval level. Recently, comparative proteome analyses have revealed th...

The green microalga Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck (Chlorellaceae) is widely used as a food supplement for humans and animals. In beekeeping practice, has potential pollen supplement. We studied whether extracts display antimicrobial properties against Paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of honey bee bacterial disease American foulbrood. identified components responsible activity evaluated...

Paenibacillus larvae is a deadly pathogen for bee brood, which can lead to the death of entire colonies. The presence specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in hive may be related occurrence this bacterium brood. Compositions those fractions present healthy brood from control colonies and without symptoms infection collected infected by P. were compared using gas chromatography coupled with...

Paenibacillus larvae, the etiological agent of the globally occurring epizootic American Foulbrood (AFB) of honey bees, causes intestinal infections in honey bee larvae which develop into systemic infections inevitably leading to larval death. Massive brood mortality might eventually lead to collapse of the entire colony. Molecular mechanisms of host-microbe interactions in this system and of d...