The preinvasive intraductal tumours, such as the breast or prostate carcinomas, develop in many different architectural forms. There are, however, no experimental models explaining why cancer cells grow in these various configurations. We use a mathematical model to compare different proliferative conditions that can lead to such distinct microarchitectures. In order to simulate different scena...

Vertebral involvement is no longer a contraindication for resection in superior sulcus tumors. We describe the reconstruction of thoracic vertebras 2 to 4 using a free vascularized fibular graft combined with dorsal and ventral stabilization using rods, screws, and hooks after resection of a superior sulcus tumor that invaded the thoracic spine. No complications have occurred after 7 years of f...

Vertebral involvement is no longer a contraindication for resection of superior sulcus tumors. We describe a patient who developed a kyphoscoliosis with spinal cord compression after resection of a superior sulcus tumor that invaded the vertebral column. Risk factors for spinal instability and indications for stabilization are discussed.

Radiation therapy has made marked progress following introduction of high energy xray, gamma ray and electron accelerators . Neverthe l ess, the fact that the doses delivered to the target volume depend on radiation tolerance of the normal tissues still remaims critical problems. At National Institute of Radiological Sciences ( NIRS ), medical cyclotron was installed on 1973 and the clinical tr...