Morphometric properties of rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles were studied 1 year following complete thoracic spinal cord transection (spinal cord level T9). Both muscles demonstrated almost complete type 1 to type 2 muscle fiber type conversion after 1 year. Muscle fiber atrophy was observed in both muscles. Type 2 fiber atrophy occurred to about the same extent in both muscles. ...

The segmental pattern of motor innervation of hindlimb muscles in the axolotl was studied before and after reinnervation. To ascertain the specificity of reinnervation, the four spinal nerves innervating the hindlimb were severed and allowed to regenerate. The segmental origin of axons reinnervating particular muscles was then determined by intracellular recording from muscle fibers. Muscles we...

Spinal dural arteriovenous (AV) fistulas are the most commonly encountered vascular malformation of the spinal cord and a treatable cause for progressive para- or tetraplegia. They most commonly affect elderly men and are classically found in the thoracolumbar region. The AV shunt is located inside the dura mater close to the spinal nerve root where the arterial blood from a radiculomeningeal a...

Left-right coordination is essential for locomotor movements and is partly mediated by spinal commissural systems. Such coordination is also essential for reaching and manipulation in primates, but the role of spinal commissural systems here has not been studied. We investigated commissural connectivity to motoneurons innervating forelimb muscles using intracellular recordings in acutely anesth...

The extent of spinal interneuron (IN) contribution to dexterous hand movements is unclear. Here, we studied the response patterns and force relationships of spinal premotor INs (PreM-INs) in three awake, behaving monkeys performing a precision grip task. We recorded activity from the cervical spinal cord (C5-T1) simultaneously with electromyographic (EMG) activity from hand and arm muscles duri...

BACKGROUND Depending on the level and severity of the sensorimotor impairment in individuals with a spinal cord injury, the subsequent reduced seated postural stability and strength generating-capacity at the upper limbs could affect performance during sitting pivot transfer. This study aimed to determine the effects of sensorimotor impairments on head, trunk and upper limb movement and efforts...

BACKGROUND To investigate the changes of cross sectional area (CSA) in paraspinal muscles upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal osteoporotic spinal compression fractures. METHODS We reviewed 81 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, who had underwent MRI examination. The patients were divided into 51 patients who had osteoporotic spinal compre...

This paper presents biopsy analyses in support of the clinical evidence of muscle recovery induced by a new system of life-long functional-electrical-stimulation (FES) training in permanent spinal-motoneuron-denervated human muscle. Not earlier than 1 year after subjects experienced complete conus cauda lesion, their thigh muscles were electrically stimulated at home for several years with larg...

To examine whether habituation confounds the study of whiplash injury using human subjects, we quantified changes in the magnitude and temporal development of the neck muscle electromyogram and peak linear and angular head/torso kinematics of subjects exposed to sequential whiplash-like perturbations. Forty-four seated subjects (23F, 21M) underwent 11 consecutive forward horizontal perturbation...

Purpose There is mounting evidence that identification of spinal joint hypoand hypermobility along with correspondingly tailored manual therapy treatment approaches for these clinical subgroups can lead to more successful therapeutic outcomes. Subjects with spinal joint hypomobility had higher therapeutic success rates with spinal manipulation than subjects with spinal joint hypermobility (Frit...