BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of irritant contact dermatitis and its modulation according to skin color is not well understood. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) enables high-resolution, real-time, in-vivo imaging of human skin. OBJECTIVE The goal of our study was to use RCM to determine whether susceptibility to irritant contact dermatitis differs between black and white skin. METHODS Pa...

Porokeratosis represents a spectrum of clinical diseases. Multiple variants have been described including porokeratosis ptychotropica, a rare subtype. The coexistence of two or more variants of porokeratosis in a single patient is regarded as a rare occurrence. Here we report a patient with porokeratosis ptychotropica with coexistent porokeratosis of Mibelli. The patient was a 47-year-old man w...

DEAR EDITOR, The group of reticulate pigmentary disorders includes the rare autosomal dominant Dowling–Degos disease (DDD) and Galli–Galli disease (GGD; OMIM 179850, 615327 and 615696). 1 In light of substantial clinical, histological and mutational overlap between GGD and DDD, they are considered to belong to the same entity. 2,3 Mutations in KRT5 (encoding keratin 5) have been associated with...

Correspondence To the Editor: A 23‑year‑old otherwise healthy male presented with diffuse, erythematous, nonpruritic papules on the trunk and extremities, which gradually developed over 1 month [Figure 1a and 1b]. The patient was afebrile and had no other systemic symptoms. His personal and family histories were unremarkable. He denied any drug intake or episode of infection before the onset. H...

A mature dairy cow was transitioned from a high forage (100% forage) to a high-grain (79% grain) diet over seven days. Continuous ruminal pH recordings were utilized to diagnose the severity of ruminal acidosis. Additionally, blood and rumen papillae biopsies were collected to describe the structural and functional adaptations of the rumen epithelium. On the final day of the grain challenge, th...

An adult (two years old) Iranian cross-breed ram with alopecia, rough hair coats, thick and wrinkled skin,especially on the face, brisket, scrotum, tail and legs, presented with severe pruritus, poor condition andgeneralized unthriftiness. The animal was referred to the Veterinary Clinic of Shahid Bahonar University ofKerman. The vital signs and haematologic indices of the animal were normal. A...

Background: Hyper IgE syndrome (HIES) is a rare primary immune deficiency, described as Job`s syndrome characterized by increased serum levels of IgE, eczema, recurrent cutaneous and pulmonary infections. In this paper, we presented a case of Hyper IgE syndrome.Case Presentation: A 16-year-old Iranian boy presented with a one year history of skin lesions in knees and elbows was diagnosed of pso...

Mycobacterium marinum causes sporadic skin infection. It mostly appears on extremities with erythematous or bluish papule nodule at the inoculation site, usually after abrasions are exposed to contaminated water fish. A 43-year-old male patient no prior medical history noticed appearance of red lesions back his left shoulder 2 years earlier. Various physicians visited and misdiagnosed as contac...