CONTEXT In São Paulo, pneumonia is the main infectious cause of death among children. Parapneumonic pleural effusion is a possible complication and has to be treated surgically when the patient does not respond to antibiotics. OBJECTIVE Assessment of the etiology of complicated parapneumonic pleural effusions that needed surgical intervention. TYPE OF STUDY Retrospective study. SETTING Un...

OBJECTIVE To present a case of a patient with clinical and radiological features of reexpansion pulmonary edema, a rare and potentially fatal disease. CASE DESCRIPTION An 11-year-old boy presenting fever, clinical signs and radiological features of large pleural effusion initially treated as a parapneumonic process. Due to clinical deterioration he underwent tube thoracostomy, with evacuation o...

BACKGROUND Pleural separation, the "split pleura" sign, has been reported in patients with empyema. However, the diagnostic yield of the split pleura sign for complicated parapneumonic effusion (CPPE)/empyema and its utility for differentiating CPPE/empyema from parapneumonic effusion (PPE) remains unclear. This differentiation is important because CPPE/empyema patients need thoracic drainage. ...

Abstract Background There have been many studies on the clinical characteristics of neutrophilic, lymphocytic, and/or eosinophilic pleural effusion. While caring for patients with effusion, we found that histiocytic effusion (HisPE) was not uncommon. However, few explored HisPE. The purpose present study to determine and etiologies Methods In this retrospective study, HisPE defined as fluid whi...

Parapneumonic effusions (PPE) is a complication of bacterial pneumonia. Factors that contribute to complicated PPE remain uncertain. This study was aimed describe the characteristics, clinical predictors and outcome children with parapneumonic effusion in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). A retrospective on who were admitted UKMMC between January 2010 December 2017 conducte...

We studied 80 children with parapneumonic effusion (PPE) with respect to the clinical manifestations and treatment alternatives as well as prospective follow-up for 1 year. Out of the 80 patients, 59 per cent were male. The mean age of the patients was 4.0 +/- 3.1 years. Mild effusion was successfully treated by antibiotic alone in 33 per cent of the patients. Tube thoracostomy (TT) was utilize...

Treatment depends on the severity and the cause. Thoracentesis is done to relieve symptoms. Chest tubes provide continuous drainage in cases of pneumothorax, hemothorax, penetrating chest trauma, complicated parapneumonic effusion or empyema, or chylothorax. Pleural sclerosis (pleurodesis) is usually indicated for patients with uncontrolled symptomatic malignant effusions. ANY CONDITIONS can ca...

ed bullet points Clinical picture N All children with parapneumonic effusion or empyema should be admitted to hospital. [D] N If a child remains pyrexial or unwell 48 hours after admission for pneumonia, parapneumonic effusion/empyema must be excluded. [D] Diagnostic imaging N Posteroanterior or anteroposterior radiographs should be taken; there is no role for a routine lateral radiograph. [D] ...